52389
Description
Flashcards by kcklause28, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kcklause28
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three consquences of mutations? | Neutral (nothing happens), Bad- structure and function of protein may be affected (disease or fatal), Some can be good- new adaptations |
| How many subunits does a ribosome have? Name them. | two 1. small subunit 2. large subunit |
| What does the small subunit of the ribosome do? | binds mRNA |
| what does the large subunit of a ribosome do? | binds tRNA and catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids during protein synthesis |
| What is the genetic code? | it is a set of translation rules where the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA specifies the amino acids of a protein (consists of codons) |
| what sequence is the beginning of a protein (start codon)? | AUG |
| What are the three stop codons at the end of protein synthesis? | UAG, UAA, UGA |
| What are the three causes of mutations in DNA? | uncorrected errors of DNA replication, viruses, mutagens |
| What are the two types of mutagens? Give an example of each | Physical: radiation chemical: cigarette smoke, burnt meats, processed meats |
| Name the four types of mutations? | Nucleotide Deletions " " Insertions " " Substitutions " " Duplications |
| What is tRNA? | Transfer RNA (has 3 letter anticodons) carries the amino acids to the ribosomes |
| What are the 4 nucleotides in DNA? | G, A, T, C |
| Who created the double Helix Model? | Watson and Crick |
| Who discovered the two forms (A and B) of DNA? | Rosalind Franklin |
| What letter does this sequence match with? G A A T C G | C T T A G C |
| What is the key enzyme for DNA replication? | DNA Polymerase |
| What is DNA polymerase? | Synthesizes DNA polymer by matching correct nucleotides to template strand. (assembling the chain) |
| How fast does DNA synthesize? | 50 nucleotides per second, 3000 per minute |
| What are Proteins? | these are the molecules that make us who we are |
| Proteins are made up of a bunch of __________. | Amino Acids |
| What is a codon? | a triple letter code ex: GCU |
| How many different types of amino acids are there? | 20 different types |
| Is DNA replication perfect? | NO |
| What are mutations? | Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
| What is Transcription? | The transfer of genetic information from the DNA into RNA molecule |
| What is Translation? | the transfer of information into a protein (synthesis of proteins) |
| DNA has how many strands? | two |
| mRNA has how many strands | 1 |
| Name the 3 types of RNA | mRNA (messenger), rRNA (ribosomal), tRNA (transfer) |
| What is mRNA? | Messenger RNA carries the code for a protein-coding gene from DNA to Ribosomes |
| What is rRNA? | Ribosomal RNA combines proteins to form ribosomes |
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