5252996
Flashcards by alicecartwright9, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by alicecartwright9
almost 5 years ago
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Description
| Question | Answer |
| Laryngeal examination | indirect laryngoscopy direct laryngoscopy fiberoptic laryngoscopy -flexible -rigid stroboscopy high speed imaging |
| Indirect laryngoscopy | procedure: mirror inserted into oropharynx, position to relfect VF, mirror warmed, tongue pulled forward. quick, minimal pain/trauma. limitations: gag, view may be difficult, P cant speak normally |
| Direct laryngoscopy | procedure: hospitalisation, anesthesia, endoscope inserted directly into oropharynx and close to larynx. Advantages: detailed exam, biopsies, enable manipulation of structures. Limitations: invasive, costly, unable to observe laryngeal function |
| Fiberoscopic (rigid) | procedure: rigid tube inserted into oropharynx, tongue pulled forward, limitations: limits speech and laryngeal activity, restricted access to laryngeal cavity |
| Fiberoscopic (flexible) | procedure: passed through nasal cavity over soft palate, local anesthetic required, scope positioned slightly above epiglottis. advantages: flexibility, zoom lens, P able to speak and sing, all ages, overcomes gag |
| Stroboscopy | procedure: stroboscropic light source (rigid or flexible), enables detailed view of vibratory behaviour of VF, strobe light emits rapid pulses at rate controlled by examiner. basic principle: light pulse=vocal frequency (static image), slow motion image. parameters: symmetry, regularity, closure, amplitude, mucosal wave, lesions and effects |
| High speed imaging | imaging of VF up to 2000 frames per second allows clearer examination of VF vibration costly for research purposes |
| Physiological Examination | electro-glottography (EGG) laryngeal aerodynamics electro-myography (EMG) respiratory function |
| EGG | 2 electrodes placed externally on thyroid cartilage, small electrical current passes through. VF ab - no current passes through VF ad - current passes through changes in flow=glottal cycle - Lx waveform Laryngograph normal (sharp closure, gradual open) breathy (too long open phase) harsh (too short open phase) limitations: electrode placement, P movement |
| Laryngeal Aerodynamics | parameters: airflow rate, subglottal pressure, SPL, laryngeal resistance, ad/ab rate of VF instrumentation: aeroplane ll (Kay Elementrics |
| EMG | measures electrical activity of muscles direct - electrodes inserted indirect - surface electrodes parameters: onset and offset activity, pattern, amplitude, abnormal. uses: diagnosis, predictions, guiding botox injections |
| Respiratory Function | Spirometry: vital capacity and forced (expiratory) vital capacity. (FEV1)=FEV in 1st sec of FVC. Kinematic Ax: recodeing of changes in circumference of RC and AB, determines presence of asynchronous or arrhythmic repiratory behavious. instrumentation=respitrace interpretation= normal (equal contribution of RC and AB to lung volume reduction) also measures: freq. paradoxing, mean syllables/breath, max phonation time, speaking rate |
| Acoustic Analysis | visipitch computerised speech lab phonetogram/voice range profile praat |
| Visipitch | real time delay of Fo and energy of voice parameters: average Fo and range, average intensity and range, frequency perturbation (shimmer), noise-to-harmonic ratio |
| CSL | similar parameters to Visipitch more sophisticated spectrograms - reflex properties of VF vibration and vocal tract |
| Voice Range Profile | measures the max phonational pitch and intensity range, 2D visual, graphical representation, intensity plotted against frequency, profile area=max phonational capacity of individual |
| Praat | acoustic analysis freeware purpose: assess voice quality using acoustic analysis, extract energy info using spectrographic frequency and pertubation methods. 2 data methods: acoustic signal typing using spectrogram, voice report |
| report writing | background info, results of evaluation, clinical impressions, recommendations |