5405047
| Question | Answer |
| malnourished | the condition when the body does not get a balanced diet |
| metabolic rate | the speed at which the reactions of your body take place, particularly cellular respiration |
| inherited | passed on from parents to their offspring's through genes |
| agar | the nutrient gel in which many microorganisms are cultured |
| antibiotics | drugs which destroy bacteria inside the body without damaging human cells |
| antigens | the unique proteins on the surface of a cell. they are recognised by the immune system as self or non-self |
| bacteria | a single-celled microorganism that can reproduce very rapidly. many of these are useful for instance those that live in the gut and decomposers, though some can cause disease |
| droplet infection | a way of spreading microbes by sneezing, coughing or talking |
| culture medium | a substance containing the nutrients needed for microbes to grow |
| epidemic | when more cases of an infectious disease are reported than would normally be expected |
| direct contact | a way of spreading infectious disease by skin contact between two people |
| immune system | the body system that recognises and destroys foreign cells or proteins such as invading pathogens |
| immunisation | giving a vaccine that develops immunity without exposure to the disease itself |
| infectious | capable of causing infection |
| infectious diseases | diseases that can be passed from one person to another |
| inoculate | to make someone immune to a disease by injecting them with a vaccine which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the disease |
| microorganism | microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. an antibiotic-resistant bacterium |
| mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
| obese | very overweight, a person with a BMI of over 30 |
| pandemic | when more cases than normal are reported of a particular infectious disease in several countries |
| pathogens | microorganisms which cause disease |
| vaccination | introducing dead or inactive pathogens into the body in order to stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies that destroy the pathogen. this makes a person immune to future infection by this pathogen |
| vaccine | a sample of dead or inactive pathogen used for vaccination |
| viruses | microorganisms which take over body cells and reproduce rapidly, damaging those body cells in the process |
| white blood cells | cells which are involved in the immune system, engulfing pathogens, producing antibodies and antitoxins |
| antitoxin | a chemical released by a white blood cell which destroys toxins (produced by bacteria) |
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