5597975
Description
Flashcards by Sergio Martinez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sergio Martinez
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| probability | ways of x / ways total |
| AND - probability | (multiplies) |
| OR - probability | (adds) |
| AND & OR - probability | (combination) example: probability of rolling an 8 using two standard six-sided dice |
| NOT - probability | (1 - Px) example: probability of NOT drawing two hearts off the top of a standard deck of 52 cards using two different methods |
| distribution | one way that things (atoms, energy) can be allocated |
| most probable distribution (MPD) | can be calculated using AND and OR probability rules |
| relative probabilities | probabilities of various distributions/probability of the most probable one (relatively probability of the MPD = 1) |
| equilibrium | dynamic fluctuation around the most probable distribution |
| Le Châtelier's Principle | If a system at equilibrium is disturbed, a reaction will occur which will reduce (but not eliminate) that disturbance and create a new, shifted equilibrium |
| steps for calculating the amounts of different molecules present at equilibrium | 1) Determine the number of moles of each of the exchanging atom types 2) Add these to get the total number of exchanging atoms 3) Determine the probability of a randomly selected atom being of each type 4) Determine the approximate probability of each molecule type 5) Determine the total number of molecules 6) Determine the number of each type of molecule at equilibrium |
| The Law of Large Numbers | At the mole scale, the MPD is much more likely than any other, and fluctuations that occur are beyond the limits of measurement |
| Keq and ICE | Given a Keq value, find the MPD by... 1) Initial: stating initial amounts of each molecule 2) Change: writing change with variables that are based on molar coefficients (and direction of reaction) 3) Equilibrium: subtracting change from initial and inputting expressions into Keq format |
| steps for calculating the amounts of different molecules present at equilibrium after a disturbance | 1) State the initial molar amounts, stress, and prediction for effect of stress 2) Calculate the new total number of atoms 3) Determine the probability of a randomly selected atom being of each type 4) Determine the number of each type of molecule at equilibrium |
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