Flashcards
Observational studies
Cards in this deck (5)
- 1Cross-sectional StudyCollects data from a group of people to assess frequency of diseases (and related risk factors) at a particular point in time.
Asks, "What is happening?"
Measures: Disease Prevalence; Can show risk factor association with disease, but does not establish causality - 2Case-control StudyCompares a group of people with disease to a group without disease. Looks for prior exposure or risk factor.
Asks, "What happened?"
Measures: Odds ratio (OR); "Patients with COPD had higher odds of a history of smoking than those without COPD" - 3Cohort StudyCompares a group with a given exposure or risk factor to a group without such exposure. Looks to see if exposure affects the likelihood of disease.
Can be prospective (asks, "Who will develop disease?") or historical (asks, "Who developed the disease [exposed vs nonexposed]?")
Measures: Relative risk (RR); "Smokers had a higher risk of developing COPD than nonsmokers" - 4Twin Concordance StudyCompares the frequency with which both monozygotic twins or both dizygotic twins develop the same disease.
Measures: heritability and influence of environmental factors ("nature v nurture") - 5Adoption StudyCompares siblings raised by biological vs adoptive parents.
Measures: heritability and influence of environmental factors
Information
- Description
- Doctorate Behavioral Science (Epidemiology/Biostatistics) Flashcards on Observational studies, created by rodney.chen on 14/07/2016.
- Created by
- rodney.chen
- Views
- 4
- Tags
- Rating