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Flashcards

Microbiology exam #2

ski_bumb English 141 cards

Cards in this deck (141)

  1. 1Treponema pallidumSyphillis
    Gram-
    spirochetes
  2. 2Borrelia burgdorferiLyme disease
    Gram -
    Spirochetes
  3. 3Campylobacter jejunifoodborne intestinal disease
    Gram-
  4. 4Helicobacter pyloripeptic ulcers
    Gram -
  5. 5Acinetobacter baumanniiUTI, wounds, pneumonia
    Gram -
    multidrug resistant
  6. 6Pseudomonas aeruginosaUTI, burns, wounds
    Gram -
    multi drug resistant
  7. 7Legionella pneumophilapneumonia
    Legonairres
    Gram -
  8. 8Neisseria GonorrhoeaeGonorrhea
    Gram -
  9. 9Neisseria meningitidismeningococcal meningitis
    Gram-
  10. 10Bordetella pertussisWhooping cough
    Gram -
  11. 11Escherichia coliUTI, fecal contamination
    foodborne disease
    Gram -
  12. 12Salmonella enteritidisFood poisoning
    Gram -
  13. 13Salmonella enterica (Typhi)Typhoid fever
    Gram -
  14. 14Shigella spp.Bacillary Dysentery
    Gram -
  15. 15Klebsiella pneumoniaerespiratory tract, CRE
    Gram -
  16. 16Proteus mirabilisUTI, respiratory tract,
    wounds
    Gram -
  17. 17Proteus vulgarisUTI, respiratory tract
    wounds
    Gram -
  18. 18Yersinia pestisBubonic plague
    Gram -
  19. 19Vibrio choleraeCholera
    Gram -
  20. 20Hemophilus influenzaemeningitis, otitis media
    Gram -
  21. 21Gardnerella vaginalisvaginitis
    Gram -
  22. 22PeritonitisGram -
    Bacteriodes
  23. 23Rickettsia rickettsiirocky mountain spotted fever
    obligate intracellular parasite
    Gram -
  24. 24Clamydia trachomatisSTD, chlamydia
    Gram -
  25. 25Mycoplasma pneumoniaewalking pneumonia
    No cell wall
    plepmorphic
  26. 26Staphylococcus aureusboils, Staph infection
    Gram +
  27. 27Streptococcus pyogenesStrept throat
    Gram +
  28. 28Steptococcus pneumoniapneumonia
    Gram +
  29. 29Streptococcus mutansdental caries
    Gram +
  30. 30Bacillus anthracisanthrax
    Gram +
  31. 31Clostridium tetanitetnus, lockjaw
    Gram +
  32. 32Clostridium botulinumbolulism poisoning
    Gram +
  33. 33Clostridium perfringensgas gangrene
    Gram +
  34. 34Clostridium difficileantibiotic associated colitis
    Gram +
  35. 35Lactobacillusproduces lactic acid
    GI tract, vagina, oral cavity
    Gram +
  36. 36Listeria monocytogenesfood borne pathogen
    Gram +
  37. 37Corynebacterium diphtheriaediphtheria
    Gram +
  38. 38Mycobacterium tuberculosisTB
    Gram +
    Acid fast +
  39. 39Mycobacterium lepraeleprosy
    Gram +
    Acid Fast +
  40. 40Nocardia asteroidescutaneous pulmonary &
    disseminated infections
    Gram + & Acid Fast +
  41. 41Atrichosno flagella
    no movement
  42. 42Monotrichous1 polar flagella
  43. 43Amphitrichous2 polar flagella
  44. 44LophotrichiousCluster of multiple polar
    flagella at
    one end
  45. 45PeritrichousFlagella attached all
    around cell
  46. 46Axial filamentsIn Spirochettes
    run along body of cell
    corkscrew motion
  47. 47Example of a bacteria with a slime layerStaph aureus
    Strep mutans
  48. 48Example of bacteria with a capsuleStrep pneumoniae
  49. 49Amino sugars in a bacterial cell wallN-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)
    N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG)
  50. 50Gram + cell wallthick peptidoglycan
    Teichoic acid
  51. 51Gram - cell wallthin peptidoglycan
    LPS, Lipoprotien,
    Phospolipid
  52. 52Cytoplasmic membrane made ofProtien & Phospholipid
    Facilitative & active transport
  53. 53Inclusions\GranulesStorage of materials during
    periods of excess
  54. 54Polysaccharide granuleStarch & Glycogen
  55. 55Lipid InclusionsLipids
  56. 56Volutin Granulesinorganic phosphate
  57. 57PlasmidAdditional source of genetic info
    1% size of chromosome
    Protective traits
  58. 58Spore coat contains?Ca++, Peptidoglycan,
    dipicolinic acid
  59. 59what genera create endosporesBacillus & Clostridium
  60. 60Inductiongene coding for enzyme is turned on
  61. 61Repressiongene coding for enzyme is turned off
  62. 62not all genes are inducible or repressible, T or F?True
  63. 63How many ATP does glycolysis yield?2 ATP
  64. 64What does glycolysis begin?Process of glucose metabolisim
  65. 65What does glycolysis do?Turns a glucose into
    2 pyruvic acid & 2 ATP
  66. 66What is pyruvic acid?product of glycolysis
    will be used in fermentation or
    resperation
  67. 67How many ATP does fermentation yield?2 ATP
  68. 68Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?anaerobic
  69. 69What is pyruvic acid turned into during fermentation?depends on the microorganisim
    and what enzyme it produces
  70. 70Homolacticonly produces lactic acid
    as fermentation product
  71. 71Heterolacticproduces fermentation products other than lactic acid
  72. 72how many ATP does aerobic respiration produce?36 or 38 for bacteris
  73. 73what are the 3 steps to aerobic respiration?transition reaction/
    acetyl-CoA synthesis; Kreb's cycle; electron transport chain
  74. 74where does the transition reaction/acetyl Co-A synthesis occur?cytoplasm of eukaryotes
    & mitochondria of eukaryotes
  75. 75what does transition reaction/acetyl Co-A synthesis accomplish?pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl sugar which binds to Coenzyme A
  76. 76What does acetyl-CoA do?Feeds the Krebs cycle
  77. 77Where does the Krebs cycle occurcytoplasm in prokaryotes & mitochondria in eukaryotes
  78. 78In what part of aerobic respiration is carbon released from sugars as C02Krebs cycle
  79. 79what does the Krebs cycle do?extracts energy(electrons) from sugar
  80. 80where does the electron transport chain occur?plasma membrane of prokaryotes & mitochondria of eukaryotes
  81. 81why is energy lost from electron as it passes down the electron transport chain?the energy lost is used to bind Phosphate to ADP to make ATP
  82. 82How many ATP does Anaerobic respiration yield?2-36 just depends on microorganisim
  83. 83example of a bacteria that uses anaerobic respiration?E. coli
  84. 84MacronutrientNeeded in large amts.
    carbon, hydrogen, o2, Nitrogen
  85. 85Micronutrientrequired in small amts.
    Manganese, Zinc, Nickel, Iron
  86. 86AutotrophSelf feeding & CO2 as carbon source
  87. 87example of a photoautotrophAlgae, Plants, Blue-Green bacteria
  88. 88example of chemoautotrophBacteria
  89. 89Heterotrophsfeeds on others and needs organic carbon
  90. 90examples of organic carbonsalcohols, fatty acids, CHO's
  91. 91examples of photoheterotrophspurple & green bacteria
  92. 92example of chemoheterotrophAnimals, bacteria, fungi, protozoa
  93. 93do chemoautotrophs cause disease in humansyes
  94. 94example of a saprophytefungi & bacteria
    decomposers
  95. 95Psychrophile-5-15C
    thrive at low temp.
  96. 96Psychotroph20-30C
    food spoilage
    grow optimally in warm but can in low
  97. 97Mesophile25-45C
    moderate temps
    Human pathogens
  98. 98Thermophile45-80C
    relatively high temps
  99. 99Hyperthermophileabove 80C
    Archaea
  100. 100thermoduric organisimsmesophiles that survive brief periods of high temps
  101. 101obligate aerobemust have o2 for survival
  102. 102example of obligate aerobeanimals, most protozoa, bacteria
    Nesseria gonorrheae
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  103. 103Obligate Anaerobe02 poisons
    no enzyme to detox 02
    doesn't use 02 for ATP
  104. 104examples of Obligate anaerobeBacteriodes & Clostridium
  105. 105Facultative anaerobecan exist with or without 02
    more efficient catabolisim with 02
  106. 106example of facultative anaerobeyeast & bacteria
    E.coli & Staph aureus
  107. 107Microaerophilerequires small amts. of 02 (2-10%)
  108. 108example of mircoaerophileH.pylori & Borrelia burgdorferi
  109. 109Aerotolerant Anaerobedoesn't use 02 for metabolisim
    is able to breakdown toxic 02
    Obligate fermenter
  110. 110example of aerotolerant anaerobeLactobacillus & Strep pyogenes
  111. 111Anaerobic microhabitats of bodycoexhistance of facultative anaerobes, obligate anaerobes, & aerotolerant anaerobs
  112. 112optimal pH for bacteria6.5-7.5
  113. 113what happens if you take a bacteria out of pH rangeenzymes become denatured
  114. 114NeutrophilespH of 6.5-7.5
    cause human infection
  115. 115Acidophilesflourish in acidic enviroment
  116. 116Obligate Acidophilerequire an acidic enviroment
  117. 117Acid tolerant microbescan survive in an acidic environment
  118. 118example of Acid tolerant microbesH. pylori
  119. 119Alkalinophilesflourish in a alkaline (basic) conditions
  120. 120example of alkalinophilesVibrio cholerae
  121. 121what do chemical buffers do to growth mediastabilize the pH
  122. 122example of a chemical bufferPotassium phosphate
    KH2PO4
  123. 123Halophiteshigh levels of salt
    food preservation
  124. 124Halotolerant microbestolerant salt up to 10%
  125. 125examples of Halotolerant microbesStaph aureus, Mycococcus lutes, & Staph epidermitis
  126. 126Colonymillions of cells from 1 parent cell & all are identical if no mutations
  127. 1271st step of bianary fissionparent cell w/chromosome
  128. 1282nd step of binary fissionparent cell elongates, chromosome replicates and become attached to membrane
  129. 1293rd step of binary fissionseptum forms b/t chromosomes
  130. 1304th step of binary fissionparent cell divides into 2 daughter cells which are identical to each other and parent cell if no mutation
  131. 131Populationgroup located in a defined area
  132. 132population growthincrease in the # of viable cells
  133. 133generation timeavg. time it takes for a cell to reproduce itself
  134. 134Exponential (logarithmic) growthdoubling of population size with each generation of cells produced
  135. 135Lag phaseslow initial growth of the population
  136. 136why is the lag phase slowdue to a readjustment of the genetic machinery to the new enviroment
  137. 137log phasegreatest rate of population growth
    most metabolicly active
    "exponential growth"
  138. 138what phase of growth is the most succeptable to antibiotics & why?Log phase d/t antibiotics interfere with metabolisim
  139. 139Stationary phasestabilized population
    birth rate = death rate
  140. 140Death phasepopulation decline
    birth rate < death rate
  141. 141Enterobacteriaceae genus's Gram (-)Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus, Yersinia, Enterobacter

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Flashcards on Microbiology exam #2, created by ski_bumb on 04/03/2014.
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