609042
| Question | Answer |
| what is the only ever necessary emergency wound treatment for a dog? | stoping profuse hemorrhaging and preventing further contamination. |
| what is the golden period? | 0-6 hours when the bacterial contamination is <than 105/g of tissue |
| what is thought to happen to a contaminated wound after 12 hours? | the bacteria penetrate the surrounding tissue, meaning the animal needs AB's |
| how is devitalised tissue removed? | -surgical -enzymatic -wet to dry or dry to dry bandages -chemical -autolytic |
| what are the main reasons for using a bandage? | removing dead space, packing a wound, debriding the wound, removing exudate, preventing contamination, immobilizing the wound and providing comfort. |
| what are the three layers of a bandage? | -primary contact layer -secondary intermediate layer -tertiary outer layer |
| what are the ideal qualities of a primary contact layer? | provide high humidity environment without providing moisture, Should allow optimum healing, allow gaseous diffusion, it should be able to be infrequently be changed without tissue trauma. |
| What are the 6 available primary contact layer dressings? | -Vapor permeable adhesive film. -Foam made of polyurethane absorbent foam -hydrocolloids -Hydrogels -alginate -Bioactive |
| what are vapour permiable adhesive film's perfect for and what are they contraindicated for? | It allows water vapor to escape although occlude liquid water and bacteria. It can be used in low and high exudate. These types of dressings are contraindicated over infected wounds. |
| what are Foam made of polyurethane absorbent foam good for? | Good for moderate and heavy wound exudation and large cavity wounds to potentiate granulation. |
| What are the available types of hydrocolloids? | flexible highly absorbent dressings, they may be occlusive, semi occlusive pads, powders or pastes. |
| what are hydrocolloids used for? | pressure sores, minor burns, granulating wounds, cavity wounds, wounds sloughing and wounds with moderate exudate. |
| what are hydrogels good for? | dry, sloughing or necrotic wounds. |
| what are alginate dressings good for? | They work well as haemostats in laceration and post operative wounds, they are good for second degree burns or heavilly exuding wounds |
| what are the three dressings used for contaminated wounds? | -silver -antibiotics -honey |
| what positive properties of honey for a primary wound layer? | antimicrobial properties, anti inflammatory effects, its non adherent, keeps a moist environment and creates a barrier to infection. |
| what is the secondary layer of a dressing for? | provides comfort and support. It should have absorbent capability, |
| what is a tertiary wound dressing for? | holds every thing together, must allow evaporation and not allow strike through. |
| what would be the primary layer dressing of choice for: a)heavy exudating wounds b)moderate exudating wounds c)dry wounds | a) alginate b)hydrocolloid, polyurethane foam, c)hydrogel or semi occlusive dressing |
| what are the complications of a surgical wound becoming infected? | wound break down, delayed healing, sepsis, hemorrhage (if ligature are broken down), endotoxaemia, pain and failure of surgical procedure. |
| if a wound is contaminated what is the best choice of antibiotics? | Co-amoxiclav |
| what are the 4 stages of wound healing? | 1)primary, this can occur if minimal tissue damage has occurred and it is a recent wound 2)delayed primary closure this may happen 2-3 days after the incident, there will be potential for infection and mild tissue damage with this 3)Second intention healing, this involves contraction and epithelisation. This will be left if there are concerns about closure or the wound is heavily infected. 4)third intention healing has a granulation bed created, this is allowed if there is extensive tissue damage and contamination. |
| what are halsteads principles? | gentle tissue handling accurate haemostasis preservation of good blood supply aseptic technique close tissue without tension careful approximation of tissue no dead space |
| what are the main tension relieving methods? | Z platy, VY platy, Relaxing incisions, tension suture patterns, undermining skin, walking sutures, Stenting |
| wound stenting | |
| what are plexus flaps? | full thickness tongues of skin moved with their own blood supply |
| what are plexus flaps contraindicated for? | high tension or movement |
| what is Omocervical pattern flap used for? | Facial defects Ear reconstruction Cervical defect Axillary defect |
| what are thoracodorsal patten flaps used for? | Thoracic defects Forelimb defects Axillary defects |
| what are superficial brachial pattern flaps used for? | Antebrachial defects Elbow defects |
| what are caudal superficial epigastric flaps used for? | Inner thigh defects Flank defects Stifle area Perineal/preputial area |
| what are cranial epigastric pattern flaps used for? | Sternal region |
| what are Deep circumflex iliac artery-dorsal branch pattern flaps used for? | Thoracic defects Lateral abdominal wall defects Flank defects Lateral medial thigh |
| what are Deep circumflex iliac artery-ventral branch used for? | Lateral abdominal wall Pelvic defects Sacral defects |
| what are Genicular artery pattern flaps used for? | Lateral or medial aspect of the lower limb from stifle to tibiotarsal joint |
| what are Lateral caudal arteries pattern flaps used for? | Perineum Caudodorsal trunk |
| what are reverse saphenous pattern flaps used for? | Tarsometatarsal region |
| what are Caudal auricular pattern flaps used for? | Facial area and Dorsum of head |
| what are the pros and cons of full thickness skin grifts? | easy to culture and handle, they take easily although they have a problem getting enough nutrients and may take longer to heal than others, they may not be the prettiest either without structures. |
| what should the donor site for a full thickness skin graft be? | thick durable site, it is desirable that the hair colour is the same as the recipient site and the skin at the donor site is very mobile, the ventrum isn’t suitable. |
| how should a full thickness skin graft be made? | skin should be tented and it should be removed from the pinniculus muscle. Skin hooks and stay sutures are needed. Mesh grafts are more malleable they need to be pre-shaped and moistened. The grapht should be 0.5-1cm longer than the recipient site. |
| what are the pros and cons of a non meshed skin graph? | best cosmetic results, there is no drainage however for exudates, so these may lift the graft, there is little elasticity as well. |
| how should a recipient graph be prepared? | all necrotic tissue is to be debrided, there must be no infection present, it wont work on bone or fat or hypertrophic granulation tissue. |
| what are the initial nutrition that a skin graph receives and how long for? | initial plasmotic nutrition for 2-3 days |
| whats the side effects of a graph receiving initial plasmatic nutrition? | it becomes oedematous and pigmented |
| what is vital of the inosculation stage of the skin graphs and when does this occur? | it isn't moved, it occurs over days 3-6 |
| when does a graph become fully revascularised? | days 14 onwards |
| why are drains used? | reduce dead space and drain fluid from the wound |
| how do penrose drains come? | flat soft latex, cheap and easily sterilized. They may be 0.5-5cm wide and 30-90cm long. |
| what are the issues with drains? | wound infections, risk of FB, pressure necrosis, tissue adhesion, wound dehiscence, pain/irritation, failure to drain and cellulitis |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.