Flashcards
Equine Respiratory Surgery
Cards in this deck (45)
- 1What is the most common disease of the paranasal siunses?sinusitis
- 2What is a clinical sign of sinusitis?drainage of purulent exudate at the nostril
- 3What is the most useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis of sinusitis?radiography -see soft tissue opacity instead of air
- 4What are other diagnostic tools for sinusitis?-percussion of paranasal sinuses
-endoscopy
-sinucentesis
-sinoscopy - 5What causes primary bacterial sinusitis?usually streptococcus species, occassionally fungi
- 6What are some treatment options for siusitis?-systemic antimicrobials
-trephination and flushing
-sinus flap
-Remove exudate
-provide adequate drainage - 7What is trephination?Creating a hole into the sinus which can be used for flushing and diagnostics
Give sedation and local - 8What can cause secondary sinusitis?dental disease
facial fractures
neoplasia
any space occupying mass - 9Describe a paranasal sinus cystfluid-filled and expansile mass
- 10What are some clinical signs of a paranasal sinus cyst?-mucupurulent nasal discharge
-nasal stretor
-dyspnea
-distortion of the frontal or maxillary bones
-unilateral - 11How do you diagnose a paranasal sinus cyst?radiography
CT
Endoscopy
CANNOT CONFIRM UNTIL YOU GET IT OUT - 12How do you treat a paranasal sinus cyst?Need to surgically remove it- remove cyst and lining to make sure it doesn't come back
make a frontonasal bone flap - 13What should you give the horse after surgery?Broad spectrum antibiotics
NSAIDs
Lavage - 14What is the primary sign of an ethmoid haematoma?epistaxis from the nose
- 15Where do ethmoid tumurs originate from and what causes them?ethmoturbinates
growing mass- non malignant - 16what are CS of an ethmoid haematoma?-Epistaxis with or without exercise
-abnormal respiratory noise
-mucopurulent discharge
-malodourous breath
-facial swelling - 17how do you diagnose an ethmoid haematoma?endoscopy- best
CT
radiography average - 18How do you treat an ethmoid haematoma?-laser excision via endoscope
-infiltration with formaldehyde via endoscope- repeated until resolution
-bone flap
Depends upon size and location! - 19What is the cause of gutteral pouch mycosis?aspergillus
- 20What may the fungus do in the gutteral pouch?grow over the internal/external carotid or maxillary arteries and erode the walls causing haemorrhage
- 21What are the CS of gutteral pouch mycosis?Acute, profuse epistaxis
unilateral
possible cranial nerve deficits - 22How can you treat gutteral pouch mycosis?need to occlude affected arteries and potentially ligate the common carotid artery
- 23What are some CS of laryngeal disease?respiratory noise during exercise
poor performance
occasionally-cough, nasal secretion - 24How do you examine the larynx?-auscultation to r/o airway dz
-laryngeal palpation
-endoscopy
-auscultation post exercise
-dynamic endoscopy
-CBC/biochem - 25What is another name for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy?laryngeal hemiplasia
- 26What is laryngeal hemiplasia?partial or complete paralysis of one of the arytenoids due to injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve- incapacity to abduct arytenoid fully
- 27what are some clinical signs of laryngeal hemiplasia?inspiratory noise- roaring
reduced/poor performance - 28Which side of the larynx is affected in 98% of cases? why?left
left laryngeal nerve is a lot longer then the right- goes all the way to the heart and then back to the larynx- more susceptible to trauma - 29What causes laryngeal hemiplasia?-usually idiopathic
-traumatic
-toxic - 30What are the 2 treatment options for laryngeal hemiplasia?-ventriculocordectomy
-laryngoplasty - 31When/when not should you do a ventriculocordectomy?-Ventriculocordectomy will only reduce the respiratory noise, so can be done to revoer performance of lower performance horses but not sufficient to restore good airflow to race horses
- 32laryngoplasty is the treatment of choice. What does it involve?placement of sutures between the circoid cartilage and the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
- 33What are possible complications of laryngoplasty?-cough
-aspiration pneumonia
-failure of surgery (incorrectly placed, suture cuts through cartilage)
-infection of suture
-dysphagia - 34what can you do if laryngoplasty fails?do it again
OR
parital arytenoidectomy - 35Epiglottic entrapment is commonly seen in?TBs
- 36Why can diagnosis of epiglottic entrapment be difficult?because the entrapment can be intermittent (not always permanent)
- 37What CS occur with epiglottic entrapment?respiratory noise during exercise
reduced performance - 38How do you treat epiglottis entrapment?Laser surgery- remove a triangular piece of tissue of the aryepiglottic fold
rest
desmethasone
NSAIDs - 39How do you diagnose epiglottis entrapement?Dynamic Endoscopy
- 40What is dorsal displacement of the soft palate?displacement of the caudal border of the soft palate dorsal to the epiglottis
- 41What causes DDSP?Inflammation affecting the pharyngeal nerve
anything causing problems to the muscles of the pharynx - 42What are CS of DDSP?persistent dyspahgia
Intermittent:
-expiratory noise (snoring)
-cough
-normal during intense exercise - 43How do you conservatively treat DDSP?rest
NSAIDs or Corticosteroids - 44What are the surgical treatment options of DDSP?-staphylectomy- remove caudal edge of soft palate
-thermal palatoplasty
-injection of sclerosing agent
-Tie forward - 45Which is the surgical treatmnet of choice and what does it involve?Tie forward
-placement of a non-absorbable suture between the thyroid cartilage and basihyoid bone
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- Skills for Life Smallies and equine 3 Flashcards on Equine Respiratory Surgery, created by Hayley Pfeffer on 05/09/2016.
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- Hayley Pfeffer
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