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Description
Flashcards by Ciara Hallinan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ciara Hallinan
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Plant vs Animal Cells | Plant: Cell wall, chloroplasts and one large vacuole. Animal: Lack all of the above Both: Nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane |
| Nucleus | Inside its fully enclosed membrane, the nucleus contains the majority of the cells genetic material. This material is organised as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins to form chromosomes. Controls the cellular growth and reproduction. Found in both plan and animal cells. |
| Mitochondria | The mitochondria is the power house of the cell. Glucose is broken down to release chemical energy to the cell. Present in both plant and animal cells. |
| Ribosomes | Produce/make protein. Present in both plant and animal cells. |
| Cell Wall | Provides rigidity, tensile strength and structural support. Present in only plant cells. |
| Chloroplasts | Convert light energy of the sun into sugars that can be used by the cell. The process is called photosynthesis. Only present in plant cells. |
| Cell membrane | Controls the movement of particles in and out of the cell. Also protects the cell from surroundings. Present in both plant and animal cells. |
| Vacuoles | A storage area for nutrients and waster matter. Can decompose complex molecules. Present in only plant cells. |
| In what three main types of organisms can photosynthesis occur? | Bacteria, algae and most commonly plants. |
| What is the word equation of photosynthesis? | Carbon dioxide + water -----(sunlight)----> Glucose + oxygen |
| Where does photosynthesis occur in the plant? | In the chloroplasts present in the leaves. In other cases it can occur in the stem, for example in seedlings and young plants. |
| How do gases enter and leave the plant? | Carbon dioxide are absorbed into the leaves through small holes called stomata. Oxygen is also released through the stomata. |
| How does water enter and leave the plant? | Water is taken in through the roots systems of the plant or through the surface in cases such as mosses. |
| Why is glucose so important to plants? | It fuels them with energy |
| What is transpiration? | The breakdown of glucose to release chemical energy is called respiration. Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis. Oxygen and glucose are returned into carbon dioxide and water. All cells respire, all of the time (all night and all day). |
| Stomata | Pores that allow the passage of material (absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen). |
| Epiderms | Form a boundary between the plant and external environment. Aids on the prevention of water loss. |
| Palisade cells | Absorb light and contain chloroplasts. |
| Xylem | Transport water and minerals from the roots up to the stem and leaves. |
| Phloem | Transport food which has been made in the leaves and nutrients up and down the stems for use and storage in the stem and roots. |
| Guard cells | Responsible for opening and closing the stomata |
| Factors that affect transpiration | - Temperature (plants transpire more rapidly in higher temperatures) - Humidity - Wind - Soil water levels - Controlled by the stomata (guard cells) opening and closing |
| Plant cell vs Fungi cell | Plant cells: Photosynthesises - Makes own food (autotrophic). Cell walls made of cellulose. Chloroplast/chlorophyll present. Reproduction through seeds, pollen and fruit. Fungi: Parasitic/Decomposers- Cannot make own food (heterotrophic). Chitin found in cell walls. No chloroplasts found. Reproduction through spores. |
| What are the names of the seven taxonomic levels used to identify living things on Earth? | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. |
| Explain what is meant by the term “binomial nomenclature” | A system of which a species is given and unique name consisting of two terms - the first indicating genus and the second its species |
| What are the seven main phyla associated with the classification of animals? | Porifera, Mollusca, Cnidaria, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda and Chordata |
| If you were identifying a plant, what would be the first four questions you would ask in order to classify it correctly? | Vascular or non-vascular? Reproduction by spores or seeds? Microscopic or macroscopic? Seeds form in cone or flower? |
| The best ways to control a potential outbreak of a parasitic disease? | THE ENVIROMENT Do you need to be in the area, can you avoid contact if possible? THE CARRIER (VECTOR) Can it be controlled/removed (eg. insecticide) Can barriers be used eg protective clothing? Can water be purified if it is food-borne? Public hygiene eg rubbish removal to remove rats? THE HOST/DESTINATION Basic hygiene – washing hands? Medicine – treatment, preventatives, vaccines etc? |
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