6333516
Description
Flashcards by Serena Davis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Serena Davis
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Organelles | Separate regions of a cell with a specific role or function |
| Reducing sugar | A sugar that will turn benedicts solution brock red when heated in a boiling water bath |
| Pentose | A sugwr molecular that contains five carbon molecules |
| hexose | a sugar molecule that contains soxcarbon molecules |
| sucrase | enzyme digests lactose to galactose abd glucose |
| lactase | the enzyme that difests lactose to galactose abd glucose |
| maltose | the enzyme that digests maltose to glucose and galactose |
| maltose | the enzyme tha |
| Carboxyl | COOH a group of atoms found in organic molecules consisting of carbon with a double to ab oxygen and a single bond to hyroxyl group |
| hydroxyl | COH a group of atoms found o organic molecules consosting of hydrogen and an oxygen |
| Condensation | A joining reaction where water is removed to form a covalent bond |
| Glycosidic linkage | a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by avcondensation reaction |
| alpha helix | spiral structure can be found in protiens secondry structure of protiens arosing from a specific sequence of amino acids an patterb of HBonding between the atos of the polypeptide backbone not the side chains |
| beta pelated sheet | one of the secndary strcture of protiens on which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth 2 regions on the chain lie paralell to each other and are held together by H bonds between atoms |
| Polysaccharide | Polymer built from many monosaccharode monomers joined by covalent bonds e.g starch, Glycogen |
| Monomer | A is a molecule that is a subunit of a polymer |
| Polymer | A long molecule consisting of monomers liked by covalent bonds |
| Isomer | Molecules made of the same atom arranged in different orders |
| Monosaccharide | The simplest Carbohydrate active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharide and polysaccharides AKA simple sugars generally a multiple of CH20 |
| Disaccharide | a double sugar consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond by a condensation reaction |
| Nuclear pores | Allows large molecules like mRNA out of the nucleus around 3000 pores |
| Nucleoplasm | makes up bulk of the nucleus jelly like many substances inc. enzymes and nucleotides are dissolved in here responsible for transport of materials vital for metablolism of cell |
| Chromatin | DNA found within nucleoplasm diffuse from chromosomes when not dividing |
| Nucleolus | small spherical body in nucloplasm manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes |
| Cell wall | Physical barrier that protects against damage and excludes certain substances |
| Capsule | Protects bacterium from other cells and helps groups of acteria stick together for further protection |
| Cell-surface membrane | Acts as a patrially permeable membrane contolls entrance and exit of chemicals |
| Flagellum | Aids movement of bacterium because its rigid and corkscrew shape and rotating base help cell spin through fluids |
| Circular DNA | Posesses the genetic informationfor the replication of bacterial cells |
| Plasmid | Holds genes that aid survival of bacteria in adverse conditions e.g produces enzymes which break down antibodies |
| nucleolus | no nucleolus |
| no nucleus only a diffuse area of nuclear material no unclear envelope | distinct nucleus with envelope |
| Circular strands of Dna but no chromosomes | Chromosomes present in which DNA is stored |
| No membrane bounded organelles | membrane bounded organelles such as mitachondria are present |
| no chloroplasts only ohotosynthetic regions in some bacteria | Chroloplasts present in plants and algae |
| Ribosomes are smaller 70s type | Ribosomes are larger 80s type |
| No endoplasmic reticulum or associated Golgi Appartus and lysosomes | Endoplasmic reticulum present with golgi apparatusnd lysosomes |
| Cell wall made of murien | cell wall made of mostly cellulose or chitin ir fungi |
| Mitachondrion | Double membrane inner =Cristae inside =Matrix➡ enzymes for respiration Site of anerobic respiration ATP produced Cells needing lots of energy =⬆Mitchondria |
| Chloroplast | In Plant and Algal cells Double membrane Where Photosynthesis takes place |
| Stroma | Thick fliud In Chloroplasts for the synthesis |
| Golgi Apparatus | A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound flattened sacs. Processes and packages new lipids and protiens Makes lysosomes |
| Golgi Vesicle | Fluid filled sac in cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane Produced by Golgi apparatus stores lipid and protiens made by golgi apparatus transports out of cell via cell sur-mem |
| Lysosome | Round Organelle surrounded by a membrane no clear internal structure its a type of golgi vesicle |
| Ribosome | Made of a small subunit and a large subunit very small organelle either floats free in cytoplasm or attached to ER made of protiens and rna not surrounded by a membrane site where protiens are made |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER | A system of membranes enclosing a fluid -filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes Folds and processes protiens that have been made at the ribosomes |
| Smooth Endopasmic reticulum SER | synthesises and processe lipids no ribosomes |
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