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Flashcards

Sc13L07 The forearm

Emma Allde Medicine Y2 English 97 cards

Sc13L07 The forearm

Cards in this deck (97)

  1. 1What structure divides the forearm into (2) compartments?the interosseous membrane
  2. 2What is the principle role of the muscles of the forearm?provide powerful movements to the wrist, thumb and fingers (and sometimes elbow)
  3. 3What is the functional separation between the muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm?the anterior compartment flexes, the posterior compartment extends
  4. 4What muscles control abduction and adduction of the thumb and fingers?the intrinsic muscles of the hand
  5. 5What is the nerve supply to the anterior muscles?medial or ulnar nerve (sometimes both)
  6. 6What is the nerve supply to the posterior muscles?the deep branch of the radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  7. 7The anterior forearm has __ superficial muscles and __ deep ones5, 3
  8. 8The posterior forearm has __ superficial muscles and __ deep ones plus __ lateral muscles3, 5
    3
  9. 9The (3) lateral muscles of the posterior forearm are called what as a group?the mobile wad
  10. 10—Red = radial tubercle (posteriorly)
    Green + styloid process (lateral)    Red = radial tubercle (posteriorly) Green + styloid process (lateral)Red = radial tubercle (posteriorly) Green + styloid process (lateral)
  11. 11What separates the ulna from the wrist joint?an articular disc, the capsule is laxWhat separates the ulna from the wrist joint?
  12. 12How does the radius articulate with the wrist?with the scaphoid and lunate carpal bonesHow does the radius articulate with the wrist?
  13. 13What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?a pivot joint b/w the ulna and ulnar notch of the radius
  14. 14In what direction does the fibres of the interosseous membrane run?proximally from the lateral side of the radius to the medial side of the ulna distallyIn what direction does the fibres of the interosseous membrane run?
  15. 15What is the function of the interosseous membrane?to prevent parallel displacement of radius and ulna and to allow pulling pressure stresses to be transmitted from one bone to the other
    the interosseous membrane is actually less likely to tear than the bones are to fracture
  16. 16The brachial artery continues into the forearm and divides into what arteries?radial and ulnarThe brachial artery continues into the forearm and divides into what arteries?The brachial artery continues into the forearm and divides into what arteries?
  17. 17Describe the journey of the radial artery through the forearmit runs inferiorly and laterally, emerging from the medial border of the brachioradialis muscle at the wrist
    Just above the wrist, it turns laterally and posteriorly to wind around the wrist, through the anatomical snuffbox, to the dorsum of the hand    Describe the journey of the radial artery through the forearm
  18. 18Describe the journey of the ulnar artery through the forearmit runs inferiorly and medially, passing under flexor carpi radialis until in reaches the wrist, passing over flexor retinaculum lateral to the pisiform boneDescribe the journey of the ulnar artery through the forearm
  19. 19What is the main branch of the ulnar artery?common interosseous arteryWhat is the main branch of the ulnar artery?
  20. 20How does the common interosseous artery divide?posterior and anterior interosseous arteries lying on either side of the interosseous membrane
  21. 21What branch(es) does the ulnar artery give off at the wrist?the palmar and dorsal carpal branches
  22. 22Where do the palmar and dorsal carpal branches run?deep to the tendons to help supply the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the wrist
  23. 23What are the superficial anterior forearm muscles?pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnarisWhat are the superficial anterior forearm muscles?What are the superficial anterior forearm muscles?
  24. 24Where do the superficial anterior forearm muscles arise from?the medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor origin) though most also have a 2nd or 3rd head arising from the radius or ulnaWhere do the superficial anterior forearm muscles arise from?
  25. 25What nerve supplies the superficial anterior forearm muscles?the median nerve
  26. 26Which superficial anterior forearm muscle is not supplied by the median nerve?flexor carpi ulnarisWhich superficial anterior forearm muscle is not supplied by the median nerve?
  27. 27Which muscle inserts into the lateral surface of the forearm and pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow joint?pronator teresWhich muscle inserts into the lateral surface of the forearm and pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow joint?Which muscle inserts into the lateral surface of the forearm and pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow joint?
  28. 28What muscle's tendon runs into a common sheath through the carpal canal, ending in four tendons that insert onto the middle phalanges of the 2nd - 5th finger?flexor digitorum superficialisWhat muscle's tendon runs into a common sheath through the carpal canal, ending in four tendons that insert onto the middle phalanges of ...What muscle's tendon runs into a common sheath through the carpal canal, ending in four tendons that insert onto the middle phalanges of ...
  29. 29What movement is flexor digitorum superficialis responsible for?flexing the wrist and finger joints
    NB: its ability to flex the finger joints is impaired when the wrist is fully flexed    What movement is flexor digitorum superficialis responsible for?
  30. 30Which muscle runs in the carpal canal in a groove in the trapezium, which is closed to form an osteofibrous canal?flexor carpi radialisWhich muscle runs in the carpal canal in a groove in the trapezium, which is closed to form an osteofibrous canal?Which muscle runs in the carpal canal in a groove in the trapezium, which is closed to form an osteofibrous canal?
  31. 31What movement is flexor carpi radialis responsible for?weak flexing and pronator of the elbow joint
    participates in palmar flexion of the wrist via radial abduction    What movement is flexor carpi radialis responsible for?
  32. 32What muscle radiates into the palmar aponeurosis?Palmaris longusWhat muscle radiates into the palmar aponeurosis?What muscle radiates into the palmar aponeurosis?
  33. 33What movement is palmaris longus responsible for?It flexes the hand toward the palm and tenses the palmar of aponeurosisWhat movement is palmaris longus responsible for?
  34. 34Palmaris longus is absent in __% of the population15Palmaris longus is absent in __% of the population
  35. 35What muscle inserts onto the pisiform bone and extends by the pisohamate ligament as far as the hamate muscle, and by the pisometacarpal ligament to the 5th metacarpal? It runs outside the carpal canalFlexor carpi ulnarisWhat muscle inserts onto the pisiform bone and extends by the pisohamate ligament as far as the hamate muscle, and by the pisometacarpal ...
  36. 36What movement does flexor carpi ulnaris participate in?Palmar flexion and aids in ulnar adduction of the handWhat movement does flexor carpi ulnaris participate in?
  37. 37What nerve supplies nearly all of the muscles of the deep compartment of the forearm?The anterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of the median)What nerve supplies nearly all of the muscles of the deep compartment of the forearm?
  38. 38Which deep anterior forearm muscle is not supplied by the anterior interosseous muscle? Which nerve is it supplied by?The median half of flexor digitorum profundus
    Ulnar nerve    Which deep anterior forearm muscle is not supplied by the anterior interosseous muscle? Which nerve is it supplied by?
  39. 39What are the deep anterior forearm muscles?Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratusWhat are the deep anterior forearm muscles?
  40. 40Which muscle arises from the distal ulna and inserts of the distal radius?Pronator quadratusWhich muscle arises from the distal ulna and inserts of the distal radius?
  41. 41What movement is pronator quadratus involved in?Pronation
  42. 42Which muscle arises from the proximal 2/3 of the palmar surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane?Flexor digitorum profundusWhich muscle arises from the proximal 2/3 of the palmar surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane?
  43. 43As the flexor digitorum profundus travels through the carpal tunnel, its tendons and those of the superficial flexors of the fingers are surrounded by a what?Common tendon sheathAs the flexor digitorum profundus travels through the carpal tunnel, its tendons and those of the superficial flexors of the fingers are ...
  44. 44What does flexor digitorum profundus attach to?To the base of the terminal phalanges of fingers 2-5 via four separate tendonsWhat does flexor digitorum profundus attach to?
  45. 45What muscle arises from the radial side of the the flexor digitorum profundus tendons?lumbrical musclesWhat muscle arises from the radial side of the the flexor digitorum profundus tendons?
  46. 46What movement are the lumbrical muscles involved in?flexing of the wrist, midcarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal jointsWhat movement are the lumbrical muscles involved in?
  47. 47What muscle arises from the anterior surface of the radius, distal to the radial tuberosity and from the interosseous membrane? It is surrounded by its own tendon sheath as it extends through the carpal tunnel, then lies between the heads of the flexor pollicis brevis and continues onto the base of the terminal phalanx of the humb.flexor pollicis longusWhat muscle arises from the anterior surface of the radius, distal to the radial tuberosity and from the interosseous membrane? It is sur...
  48. 48What movement does flexor pollicis longus engage in?flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb, and also abduction in a radial directionWhat movement does flexor pollicis longus engage in?
  49. 49What muscles make up the radial group that act as flexors at the elbow joint when the forearm is in the mid-prone position? As in otherwise they are extensors (as part of the posterior compartment)brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevisWhat muscles make up the radial group that act as flexors at the elbow joint when the forearm is in the mid-prone position? As in otherwi...
  50. 50What are these radial group of muscles referred to? brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevismobile wadWhat are these radial group of muscles referred to? brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis
  51. 51Why the term mobile wad?they move a lot during pronation and supination
    they don't facilitate these movements, but they are affected by them
  52. 52How is the mobile wad supplied?by the radial nerve (directly or indirectly via its deep branch)
  53. 53What muscle arises from the common head of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, from the lateral collateral ligament and from the anular radial ligament and inserts on the base of the 3rd metacarpal?Extensor carpi radialis brevisWhat muscle arises from the common head of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, from the lateral collateral ligament and from the anula...
  54. 54Where does extensor carpi radialis brevis run?through the 2nd tendon compartment on the dorsum of the wristWhere does extensor carpi radialis brevis run?
  55. 55What muscle arises from the supracondylar ridge of the humerus, and runs along with extensor carpi radialis brevis through the second tendon compartment?Extensor carpi radialis longusWhat muscle arises from the supracondylar ridge of the humerus, and runs along with extensor carpi radialis brevis through the second ten...
  56. 56Where does extensor carpi radialis longus insert?on the base of the 2nd metacarpalWhere does extensor carpi radialis longus insert?
  57. 57What movement does extensor carpi radialis longus partake in?weak flexion at the elbow joint, dorsiflexion and radial abduction at the radiocarpal and mid-carpal jointsWhat movement does extensor carpi radialis longus partake in?
  58. 58What (2) muscles are referred to as the "fist clenchers"?extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevisWhat (2) muscles are referred to as the "fist clenchers"?
  59. 59What muscle arises from the supracondylar ridge (of the humerus)?brachioradialisWhat muscle arises from the supracondylar ridge (of the humerus)?
  60. 60Where does brachioradalis insert?the radial surface of the styloid process of the radiusWhere does brachioradalis insert?
  61. 61What structure does brachioradialis act on?Unlike extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis, brachioradialis only acts on a single joint.
    Elbow (flexion)
  62. 62What group of muscles come from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)?the superficial extensor forearm muscles
  63. 63What are the superficial extensor forearm muscles?(anoconeus), extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnarisWhat are the superficial extensor forearm muscles?What are the superficial extensor forearm muscles?
  64. 64What nerve supplies all the muscles of the superficial extensor forearm muscles?the deep branch of the radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)What nerve supplies all the muscles of the superficial extensor forearm muscles?
  65. 65What muscle runs through the 4th compartment of tendons, and with its tendons forms the dorsal expansion of the 2-5th fingers?extensor digitorumWhat muscle runs through the 4th compartment of tendons, and with its tendons forms the dorsal expansion of the 2-5th fingers?
  66. 66The dorsal expansion has slips that attach to which phalanges?middle and distalThe dorsal expansion has slips that attach to which phalanges?
  67. 67What is the main movement of the extensor digitorum?extends and spreads the fingers (dorsiflexor of wrist and midcarpal joints)
  68. 68What muscle extends through the 5th tendon compartment of the dorsal of the wrist, usually as two tendons, to the dorsal aponeurosis of the 5th finger?extensor digiti minimiWhat muscle extends through the 5th tendon compartment of the dorsal of the wrist, usually as two tendons, to the dorsal aponeurosis of t...
  69. 69What is the movement role of extensor digiti minimi?dorsiflexion and ulnar adduction of the hand
  70. 70What muscle arises from the ulna, and runs through the 6th tendon compartment to the base of the 5th metacarpal? Its tendon runs dorsally to the radiocarpal joint and palmarly to the midcarpal jointextensor carpi ulnarisWhat muscle arises from the ulna, and runs through the 6th tendon compartment to the base of the 5th metacarpal? Its tendon runs dorsally...
  71. 71What is the movement role of extensor carpi ulnaris?ulnar adduction
    dorsi flexion of the radiocarpal joint and palmar flexion of the midcarpal joint (the 2 balance e/o out)    What is the movement role of extensor carpi ulnaris?
  72. 72What is the antagonist for extensor carpi ulnaris?abductor pollicis longusWhat is the antagonist for extensor carpi ulnaris?
  73. 73Inflammation of the common extensor origin is known as?Tennis elbowInflammation of the common extensor origin is known as?
  74. 74What causes inflammation of the common extensor origin?repetitive wear and tear of the collagen fibres that make up the tendons of the superficial extensors in the posterior compartment of the forearm
  75. 75What are these symptoms suggestive of? - severe burning pain on the lateral side of the elbow that may radiate down the forearm - the pain gets worse gripping or lifting objectslateral epicondylitis
  76. 76What is a good test for lateral epicondylitis?applying direct pressure over the lateral epicondyle can be used to differentiate from local muscular pain
  77. 77Medial epicondylitis is known as?Golfer's elbow
  78. 78How does medial epicondylitis occur?through the excessive tension generated in the flexors during the grip of a golf club, and the power of the flexors in driving the ball forwardHow does medial epicondylitis occur?
  79. 79What nerve supplies all the deep extensor forearm muscles?the deep branch of the radial nerve
  80. 80What are the deep extensor forearm muscle?supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicisWhat are the deep extensor forearm muscle?What are the deep extensor forearm muscle?
  81. 81What muscle originates from the supinator crest of the ulna, and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus? It encircles and attaches to the radius and supinates the forearm in every position of the flexion and extension.supinatorWhat muscle originates from the supinator crest of the ulna, and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus? It encircles and attaches to the ...
  82. 82What muscle can supinate in every position of flexion and extension?supinatorWhat muscle can supinate in every position of flexion and extension?
  83. 83What muscle can only supinate in flexion?biceps brachiiWhat muscle can only supinate in flexion?
  84. 84What muscle arises from the dorsal surface of the ulna distal to the supinator crest of the ulna and also from the interosseous membrane and dorsal surface of the radius?abductor pollicis longusWhat muscle arises from the dorsal surface of the ulna distal to the supinator crest of the ulna and also from the interosseous membrane ...
  85. 85Where does abductor pollicis longus insert?on the base of the 1st metacarpal boneWhere does abductor pollicis longus insert?
  86. 86What is the movement of abductor pollicis longus?extension and minimal abduction of the thumb
  87. 87What muscle arises from the radius distal to the abductor pollicis longus?extensor pollicis brevisWhat muscle arises from the radius distal to the abductor pollicis longus?
  88. 88What is the movement of extensor pollicis brevis?thumb extension
  89. 89What muscle arises from the dorsal surface of the ulna and inserts onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb? It uses the dorsal tubercle on the radius as a fulcrum (support, lever).extensor pollicis longusWhat muscle arises from the dorsal surface of the ulna and inserts onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb? It uses the dorsal t...
  90. 90What is the movement of extensor pollicis longus?extension of the thumb
    dorsiflexion of the wrist and abduction of the hand radially
  91. 91What muscle originates from the distal third of the dorsal surface of the ulna?extensor indicisWhat muscle originates from the distal third of the dorsal surface of the ulna?
  92. 92Where do the tendons of the extensor indicis project into? What movement is it involved in as a result?dorsal aponeurosis of the index finger
    it extends the index finger and participates in dorsiflexion of at the wrist and midcarpal joints    Where do the tendons of the extensor indicis project into? What movement is it involved in as a result?
  93. 93What is the depression on the back of the hand, just beneath the thumb, formed by the long posterior tendons of the thumb called?the anterior snuff boxWhat is the depression on the back of the hand, just beneath the thumb, formed by the long posterior tendons of the thumb called?
  94. 94What tendons make up the anterior snuff box?medially: the tendon of extensor pollicis longus
    laterally: tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis laterally
    proximally: styloid process of the radius
    floor: scaphoid and trapezium
    base: 1st metacarpal bone
    roof: skin and underlying fascia    What tendons make up the anterior snuff box?
  95. 95What artery runs on the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?radial artery
  96. 96What bones can be palpated within the snuffbox?carpal bones, scaphoid, trapezium and styloid process of the radiusWhat bones can be palpated within the snuffbox?
  97. 97Compression of the anatomical snuffbox is often performed to test for __________ fracture. Why is this test important?scaphoid
    the x-rays are often negative for this type of fracture, and early detection is necessary due to the fact the fractures interrupt blood supply to the bone and can result in avascular necrosis of the bone    Compression of the anatomical snuffbox is often performed to test for __________ fracture. Why is this test important?

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Medicine Y2 (Scenario 13 | Shoulder, axilla and arm) Flashcards on Sc13L07 The forearm, created by Emma Allde on 27/09/2016.
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