Flashcards
Lecture 14_Colonial Americas
Cards in this deck (107)
- 1—1521. Spanish conquer Mexica (Aztecs).
Large area. Architecture + Urban planning crucial. Knowledge of European architecture + art arrive in Mexico through educated friars + texts. - 2Cities + Missionscrucial tools for Spanish colonization of Americas
- 3Laws of Indiesordinances governing administration of New Spain. included: documents concerning settlements in Americas. Crown wanted to standardize settlements for efficiency + convenience + provide distinct identity to lands.
- 4—Tenochtitlan.
- 5—Tenochtitlan. Cathedral of Mexico w/Templo Major overlaid.
- 6—Mexico City.
- 7—Santa Fe. (New Mexico, USA) 1610.
- 8—Santa Fe. (New Mexico, USA) mid-19th century.
- 9—Early Churches. crucial to conversion efforts.
- 10—Early Churches. crucial to conversion efforts. open-air buildings based on indigenous structures added. (compare w/Maya temple on bottom)
- 11—Prototypical "Convento". large mission complex.
- 12Conventolarge mission complex. HQ for conversion efforts. standard, Mexican type developed w/outdoor chapel (Atrio), friars' quarters, +church.
- 13Atriooutdoor chapel found in convento (large mission complex)
- 14—Prototypical Convento. large mission complex. HQ for conversion efforts. standard, Mexican type developed with outdoor chapel (Atrio), friars' quarters, + church.
- 15—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) 1550. Stage 1: open-air chapel (atrio)+ courtyard. Stage 2: large church + cloister.
- 16What were the two stages of San Agustin?Stage 1: open-air chapel (atrio) + courtyard. Stage 2: large church + cloister.
- 17the Atrio is distinct to.....Mesoamerican churches.
- 18Who was the construction for Mesoamerican churches done by?entirely by natives. indigenous people had history of masonry. new techniques spread through schools + texts.
- 19—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) 2 stages.
- 20—Atrio Cross. San Agustin (Acolman, Mexico) Cross @ center of atrio. functions as axis mundi. creates quincunx plan.
- 21What is located at the center of the atrio of most conventos?a large cross.
- 22what does the cross @ the center of the atrio function as?axis mundi. creates quincunx plan.
- 23Quincunx plancommon to Mexoamerican planning. (ex: Tenochtitlan)
- 24—Quincunx Plan. San Agustin. common to Mesoamerican planning. (ex: Tenochtitlan) large cross at center of atrio functions as axis mundi.
- 25—Atrio cross. San Agustin (Acolman, Mexico) cross doesn't resemble typical European crucifix. resembles World Tree common to Mesoamerican religion.
- 26—Atrio cross. San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico). Cross doesn't resemble typical European crucifix. Resembles World Tree common to Mesoamerican religion.
- 27Atrio Cross. San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico)cross does not resemble typical European crucifix. resembles World Tree common to Mesoamerican religion.
- 28—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico). Plateresque style. style of Renaissance Spain. contains elements from Reniassance, Gothic + other styles.
- 29—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico)
Plateresque.
- 30Plateresque style.Alcoman dominant style. style of Renaissance Spain. elements from Renaissance, Gothic, + other styles.
- 31—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) . Orthodox Renaissance motifs mixed with indigenous ones.
- 32—Shield. San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico). Orthodox Renaissance motifs mixed w/indigenous ones. Shield is Mexica (Aztec) glyph for place name of this site.
- 33—Cloister. San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) Courtyard in Renaissance manner. details are Unorthodox.
- 34—Cloister. San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) Courtyard in Renaissance manner. detail are unorthodox.
- 35—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) No aisles. Note: Gothic rib vaulting + gilt retable (retablo)
- 36—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) No aisles. Note: Gothic rib vaulting + gilt retable (retablo).
- 37—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico). altar.
- 38—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico) Indigenous artists learn European modes of illustration @ school + through texts. Master shading, perspective, etc.
- 39—San Agustin. (Acolman, Mexico). Indigenous artists learn European modes of illustration @ schools + through texts. Master shading, perspective, etc.
- 40—Cathedral of Mexico. (Mexico City) 1563-1800s. Constructed in sacred precint of Tenochtitlan. Reuse of sacred site. Strategy of asserting power. Familiar to indigenous peoples.
- 41What was a major strategy to assert power?reusing sacred sites. also familiar to indigenous peoples.
- 42—Cathedral of Mexico. (Mexico City).
- 43—Cathedral of Mexico floor plan.
(Mexico City)
- 44—Nave + Aisle. Cathedral of Mexico. (Mexico City) Classical, but unorthodox proportions.
- 45—Aisle. Cathedral of Mexico. (Mexico City) Classical, but unorthodox proportions.
- 46—Cathedral of Mexico. (Mexico City.)
- 47Compare Cathedral of Mexico (Mexico City) w/Gothic Notre Dame of Amiens (France).Similarities in strong vertical elements, groin vaults, clerestory windows.
- 48—
- 49—Altar + Retable. Cathedral of Mexico. (Mexico City). earliest example of Churriqueresque style.
- 50What was the earliest example of the Churriqueresque style in Mexico?Altar + Retable @ Cathedral of Mexico (Mexico City)
- 51Churriqueresque style.originated in Spain. characterized by extreme elaboration of elements.
- 52—Altar + Retable. Cathedral of Mexico. (Mexico City). earliest example of Churriqueresque style.
- 53—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona) Ignacio Gaona.
- 54—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona). Ignacio Gaona.
- 55—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona) Ignacio Gaona. X-section + Floor Plan.
- 56—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona) Ignacio Ganoa.
- 57—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona) Ignacio Gaona.
- 58—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona). Ignacio Gaona.
- 59—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona). Ignacio Gaona.
- 60—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona) Ignacio Gaona.
- 61—San Xavier del Bac. (Tucson, Arizona) Ignacio Gaona.
- 62What was the main difference between Spanish + English colonies?English colonies were oriented towards settlement rather than religion. English colonial towns were created to express + fulfill political, religious, + commercial ideals of life in New World.
- 63—New England. modeled on English agricultural towns. even distribution of land. large shared commons.
- 64—New England. modeled on English agricultural town. even distribution of land. large shared commons.
- 65—Boston. 1722.
- 66—Boston. 1760s-70s.
- 67—Boston. 1760s-70s.
- 68—King's Chapel. (Boston). Peter Harrison.
- 69Peter Harrison.King's Chapel (Boston.)
- 70—King's Chapel. (Boston). Peter Harrison.
- 71—King's Chapel. (Boston)
- 72What building is King's Chapel (Boston) similar to?St. Martin-in-the-Fields (London). James Gibbs.
- 73—St. Martin-in-the-Fields. (London). James Gibbs. 1721.
- 74—Drawings of St. Martin-in-the-Fields (London) from "A Book of Architecture". James Gibbs.
- 75—Drawings of St. Martin-in-the-Fields (London) from "A Book of Architecture". James Gibbs.
- 76—King's Chapel. (Boston)
- 77—St. Martin-in-the-Fields. (London). James Gibbs.
- 78—Parson Capen House. (Topsfield, MA) 1683.
- 79—Parson Capen House. (Topsfield, MA) 1683. Cross-section. Elevation. Floor Plan.
- 80—Parson Capen House. (Topsfield, MA) 1683.
- 81—Parson Capen House. (Topsfield, MA) 1683.
- 82—Typical heavy-timber framing.
- 83—Typical heavy-timber framing.
- 84William Pennfounded Philadelphia as capital of Pennsylvania Colony.
- 85Philadelphia.William Penn. capital of Pennsylvania Colony. largest, most important colonial city.
- 86—Philadelphia. capital of Pennsylvania Colony.
- 87—Philadephia. capital of Pennsylvania Colony. William Penn. largest, most important colonial city.
- 88—Plans. Christopher Wren. Richard Newcourt. rebuilding of London. after 1666 fire.
- 89—Plans. Christopher Wren. Richard Newcourt. rebuilding of London. after 1666 fire.
- 90—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1682 Plan. Thomas Holme + William Penn.
- 91What city was Philadelphia's plan based off?London after 1666 fire.
- 92Williamsburg, Virginia.1630s. settlement in Virginia. 1699. capital of the colony of Virginia. home of College of William & Mary.
- 93College of William & Mary.2nd oldest university in U.S.
- 94—Williamsburg, Virginia. founded 1699. capital of colony of Virginia. home of College of William & Mary.
- 95capital of colony of VirginiaWilliamsburg.
- 96—Williamsburg, Virginia. founded 1699. capital of colony of Virginia. home of College of William & Mary.
- 97—Williamsburg, Virginia. founded 1699.
- 98—Wren Building @ College of William & Mary.
- 99—Wren Building @ College of William & Mary.
- 100—Wren Building @ College of William & Mary.
- 101—Wren Building @ College of William & Mary.
- 102What building is the Wren Building @ College of William & Mary similar to?Christopher Wren's Royal @ Chelsea, England.
- 103—Christopher Wren's Royal. (Chelsea, England)
- 104—Governor's Palace. (Williamsburg) 1705.
- 105—Governor's Palace. (Williamsburg) 1705.
- 106—Governor's Palace. (Williamsburg) 1705.
- 107—Governor's Palace. (Williamsburg). Floor Plan.
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- Sophomore Arch. History Flashcards on Lecture 14_Colonial Americas, created by denise.garcia45 on 20/03/2014.
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