6621197
Description
Flashcards by Rawan Ibrahim, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Rawan Ibrahim
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the sun powered by? | Nuclear fusion. |
| How do hydrogen nuclei produce helium nuclei and large amounts of energy? | They combine together at extreme temperatures and pressures to produce them. |
| How much energy is there per square meter of the sun's surface in watts? | It is 63 millions watts per square meter. |
| How much energy is there over the sun's whole surface in watts? | 378 billion, billion, billion watts |
| How much of the total energy from the sun is used by the human activities? | 15 thousand billion watts which is about ten-trillionth of the Sun's energy output. |
| What is the solar energy that enters the Earth's atmosphere called? | Electromagnetic radiation. |
| What is an electromagnetic spectrum? | A range of different forms of light and other energy carrying waves. |
| Which type of wavelength ( shorter or longer ) do X-ray's and ultraviolet lights have? | Shorter wavelengths |
| Which type of wavelength ( shorter or longer ) does infrared radiation have? | Longer wavelengths. |
| What is the ozone layer? | A thin layer high in the atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet radiation. |
| What would happen if the ozone layer did not absorb ultraviolet radiation? | The ultraviolet radiation would reach Earth's surface and increase sunburn and rates of skin cancer. |
| What are some examples of high energy forms of electromagnetic radiation that could damage cells in living organisms? | Gamma rays and X-rays. |
| How can this be prevented from happening? | The nitrogen and oxygen molecules absorb them. |
| What affect does this have? | It heats the air but protects living organisms from potentially harmful rays. |
| What are greenhouse gases? | They are gases in the atmosphere that absorb electromagnetic radiation. |
| What are some examples of greenhouse gases? | Water vapor, methane and carbon dioxide. |
| What do greenhouse gases do? | They absorb lower energy waves such as infrared radiation. |
| What does infrared radiation do? | Carry heat energy. |
| How is balance maintained in Earth in order for all life to exist? | It happens when as much as the energy radiated out into space in the same which the Earth receives from the Sun. |
| What would happen if less energy was lost than gained? | The Earth would slowly heat up. |
| What would happen if more energy was lost than gained? | The Earth would slowly cool down. |
| What is the greenhouse effect? | Absorption of electromagnetic radiation by gases in the atmosphere, warming Earth. |
| What is the enhanced greenhouse effect? | Effect of increase in greenhouse gas concentration |
| What is the brown "smog" sometimes seen over cities? | It is a combination of nitrogen oxides and other pollutants with moisture in the air. |
| How can volcanoes influence climate? | They release carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas which could contribute to warming. |
| What would happen if there were no ocean currents? | The climates in many parts of the world would be different. |
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