Flashcards
Ancient & Classical India Chapter 3
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1When did Indian history begin?1900 BCE
- 2India's land~subcontinent
~It is essentially "cut off" from mainland Asia by the Himalayas - 3What are the two major rivers?Indus River and Ganges River
- 4Indus River~located in present day Pakistan
~Heart of ancient India Civilization - 5Ganges River~ Runs west-east along northern India to Bangladesh
~Very sacred river to the Hindus
~Accessible in the northwest by two large valleys through the Hindu Kush - 6Khyper and Bolan Pass~connects Modern Afghanistan into Modern Pakistan
- 7Monsoons~Seasonal Wind
~Brings rain in the summer months
~Good for crops, bad for people
~Dry air in winter months - 8Why was India difficult to politically unify?Difficult to politically unify India due to regional and later, religious differences
- 9Dominant religions in India1. Hinduism
2. Buddhism
3. Islam (which came much later) - 10Aryan Invasions~Around 1900 BCE
~lighter-skinned people from south central Asia invaded Indus River Khyper & Bolin Passes
~Contributed greater to India's history
~Aryan stories in Sanskrit - 11Sanskritan ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived
- 12Rig-VedaHymns dedicated to Aryan gods
- 13Mahabharataepic poems about gods and people in society
- 14Upanishads~formative religious text that contributes to spread and acceptance of Hinduism
~contributed to the social hierarchy still utilized today & is reinforced by Hinduism - 15Caste~social class one is born into & cannot change
>> The only to change one's caste is to die and reincarnate into a new caste - 16Caste SystemEstablished by the Aryans to create social order & establish a patriarchal social
- 17Caste Order1. Brahmins- Priests
2. Kshatriyas- Warriors
3. Vaisyas- Merchants, Landlords
4. Sudras- farmers, workers
5. Pariahs or Harijans- "Untouchables" - 18Hinduism~ Currently 3rd largest religion in the world
~ Mostly found in India & SE Asia - 19Origin of Hinduism~Origin is unknown but believed to be blend of Aryan and India faiths
~No founder - 20Three Major Deities (gods)~Has one god Brahma-the Creator, the World Soul
~Takes the form of all other gods
Vishnu- The Healer, the friend of Humanity
~Shiva- The Destroyer, Fertility
~Referred to as the Cosmic Dancer - 21Samsara~expected to experience this
~ Birth, Life, Death cycle via reincarnation to achieve peace with their Atman essential life (soul)
~Cycle continues until Moksha is achieved - 22AtmanSanskrit word that means inner self or soul
- 23Mokshaunion with Brahman, released from reincarnation (free from the cycle)
- 24Guiding Principles of HinduismKarma, Dharma, & Ahmisa
- 25KarmaPersonal actions that affect one's atman
- 26Dharma~Religious and moral duties that affect one's atman
~Both determine the caste on is born into - 27Ahmisa~Non-Violence
~All Hindus are expected to be peaceful - 28How is caste determined?~One's karma and dharma determine caste
~The perfect way to keep social order - 29FaithHindu and India faith are patriarchal (men leads the family)
- 30Women Role~women had to obey men unquestionly
- 31Sati~ Act of throwing oneself onto the husband's funeral pyre
- 32Hindu Kush Mela Festival~Once every 12 years
~At Allahabad, India
~On the Ganges River
~somewhat similar to Muslim Hajj
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- Description
- Global History 9H flashcards for chapter 3.
- Created by
- Myra Arif
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