Flashcards
Chapter 32 Animal Diversity
Cards in this deck (45)
- 1CleavageA series of mitotic cell division leading to the formation of blastula.
- 2Blastulamulticellular stage in embryo development, which takes the shape of a hollow ball
- 3What happens after cleavage?The mass/ball of cells create a fluid-filled center cavity called a blastocoel
- 4LarvaeThe sexually immature stage that is morphologically distinct from the adult stage.
- 5What is the importance of Hox Genes? What do they do?They play a big role in the development of animals, allow for diversity, and control genes that influence the morphology.
They play a big role in the anterior/posterior axis - 6What is an animal that lacks the Hox Gene and name its phylum.Sponge, Porifera
- 7Ediacaran Biota*Oldest fossils of animals.
*Sponges, and Cnidarians.
*Some don't appear to be closely related to any living algae or animals.
*Neoprotozoic rocks have microscopic signs of early animals. - 8What type of species influenced each other's evolution? An example is Fern Galls.Plants and Insects
- 9What two lineages survived from the Paleozoic Era?Amphibians and Amniotes
- 10What explains why most animals are not a hollow ball of cells?Gastrulation. This is how the different layers of tissue (germ layers) develop on the embryo
- 11Describe the fate of the blastopore in protostomes and deuterostomes.Protostomes(first mouth): Mouth Develops from Blastopore
Deuterostomes(second mouth): Anus Develops from the Blastopore - 12What layer forms the body cavity in coelomic animals? Describe the cavity.It is formed by the mesoderm and the endoderm, and it is completely covered by the mesoderm.
- 13Describe movement of radially symmetrical animals. Give some examples.Radial Sym: *sessile and attached or *planktonic and drifting
Examples: sea anemone or sponges - 14Defining characteristic of the clade EcdysozoaThe secretion of stiff external skeletons that must be shed to permit growth
- 151. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm1. Gives rise to outer covering and sometimes the nervous system
2. Lines the archenteron and gives rise to lining of the of digestive tract/cavity and the organs derived from it - 161. Name 2 diploblastic animals 2. In triploblasts, what does the mesoderm develop into?1. Cnidarians and Comb Jellies
2. Muscles and other organs between the digestive tube and the outer covering of the animal - 171. Coelom 2. True Coelom 3. Pseudocoelom (and 4 Phylums)1. The body cavity in triploblasts between digestive tract & outer body wall.
2. Mesoderm forms the coelom.
3. Derived from the blastocoel of the embryo. Formed from Mesoderm and Endoderm Ex- Phylum Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Entoprocta, Rotifera - 18Functions of body cavity1. Its fluids cushions the suspended organs to protect against internal injury
a. In soft bodied coelomates, the fluid can functions as a hydrostatic skeleton against which muscles can work
2. Allows the internal organs to grow and move independently of outer body - 19CladeA group that includes an ancestral species and all of its decedents
- 20What differentiates protostomes and deuterostomes? (these are modes of development)Cleavage pattern, coelom formation and blastopore fate
- 21Cleavage in Protostomes and Deuterostomes1. Protostomes: Spiral Cleavage (planes are diagonal to vertical axis) and Determinate
2. Deuterostomes: Radial Cleavage (planes parallel or perpendicular) and Indeterminate - 22Gastrulation in Protostomes and Deuterostomes1. Protostomes: the solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelom
2. Deuterostomes: the mesoderm buds off from the wall of the archenteron and hollows to become to coelom - 231. Define Blastopore 2. What is the fate of the blastopore in the protostomes and the deuterostomes?1. The indentation during gastrulation that leads to the formation of the archenteron
2. In Protostomes, it is the mouth.
In Deuterostomes, it is usually the anus and the mouth is from the secondary opening - 241. When did Flight evolved in pterosaurs and birds? 2. When did large mammalian herbivores and carnivores arise? 3. When did fish became the top predators in marine food webs?1. Mesozoic Era
2. Cenozoic Era
3. Silurian and Devonian periods - 25Clade Bilateria: what type of tissue development?Triploblastic
- 26Phylum Platyhelminthes 1. What clade is it in? 2. Give examples1. Platyhelminthes
2. Acoelomates, has gastro-vascular cavity. ex- flatworms,
-flukes and tape worms(parasites) - 27Phylum Platyhelminthes Characteristics1. Triploblastic but are acoelomates, and lack an actual body cavity (has gastrovascular cavities)
2. Dorsoventrally flattened bodies, which enables gas exchange and eliminates nitrogen waste(ammonia) by diffusion - 281. Rhabditophorans 2. Name the most well known of this group1.Group in flatworm lineage that feed as predators and scavengers
2. Freshwater species in genus Dugesia, called Planarians - 29Describe movement of 2 types of Rhabditophorans1. Planarians use their cilia on their ventral surface, gliding along mucus they secrete
2. Some other Rhabditophorans use muscles to swim through water with an undulating motion - 30Describe the nervous system of cnidariansThey have a "nerve net"
- 31Describe anatomy and physiology of planarians1. They have a head with eyespots to detect light and lateral flaps for smell
2. Central nervous system is more complex than the nerve net of cnidarians/ they can learn to modify their responses to stimuli - 32Describe reproduction of planarians1. asexual: through regeneration
2. sexual: they are hermaphrodites. They cross fertilize each other - 33The blood fluke "Schistosoma" which causes pain anemia and dysentery1. immediate host cell is snail
2. They mimic their hosts' surface proteins by creating a partial immunological camouflage. - 34Rotifers-smaller than many protists, but are multicellular and have specialized organ systems
-internal organs in Pseudocoelom
-fluid in Pseudocoelom act as hydrostatic skeleton - 35Alimentary CanalA digestive tract with a separate mouth and anus
- 36"Rotifer" = wheel bearer refers torefers to the crown of cilia that draws a vortex of water into the mouth
- 37ParthenogenesisA form of reproduction in some rotifers that exist only has females from unfertilized eggs.
- 38Bilaterians in the phyla Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda are known as ________Lophophorates
- 39LophophoreIn Ectoprocta and Brachiopoda, it's a crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth. It draws water toward mouth and the tentacles trap and suspend food particles.
- 40Name the coeloms in 1. Rotifers 2. Flatworms 3. Lophophorates1. Pseudocoelom
2. Acoelomate
3. True Coelom - 41Name the phyla known as Lophophorates, and list 3 similaritiesEctoprocta and Brachiopoda
1. Have U-shaped digestive tract
2. No distinct head (may be adaptations to a sessile existence)
3. Have true coeloms - 42List 6 species in the phylum Mollusca. List a basic characteristic of Mollusca body structure.1. Snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopus and squids.
2. Soft-bodied, and most secrete a hard shell of calcium carbonate
-Slugs, Squids, and Oct. have reduced internal shell or lost it all together - 43Describe body plan of Phylum Mollusca and the 3 main parts1. Coelomates
2. Three main parts: Foot, Visceral mass, and a Mantle - 44Describe the 3 main body parts of the phylum Mollusca1. Foot: a muscular foot used for movement
2. Visceral Mass: contains most of internal organs
3. Mantle: a fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and secretes the shell - 45—
Information
- Description
- Describes vocabulary for embryo development in animals
- Created by
- Aleesha Mayo
- Views
- 17
- Tags
- Rating