GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Equine distal hindlimb

Rachael Jones 2. Musculoskeletal lectures AHS2 English 73 cards

Cards in this deck (73)

  1. 1Where do the extensors of the stifle run?Cross cranial to stifle joint - via patella
  2. 2What muscles are the stifle extensors?Quadriceps
  3. 3What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?1. Vastus lateralis
    2. Vastus intermedius
    3. Vastus medialis
    4. Rectus femoris
  4. 4Where do vastus lateralis, intermediu and medialis originate?Shaft of femur
  5. 5What is the origin of the rectus femoris?Shaft of ilium, cranial to acetabulum
  6. 6What is the insertion for the quadriceps?Proximal tibia via inserting onto proximal patella
  7. 7What innervates the quadriceps?Femoral nerve
  8. 8What happens if there is a tumour on the femoral nerve causing partial paralysis?Stifle will collapse under weight bearing
    Atrophy of quadriceps
  9. 9What do the quadriceps do when weight bearing?Keep the stifle in extension
  10. 10Where are the flexors of the stifle located?Caudal to the stifle joint
  11. 11What are the main stifle flexors?Hamstrings
    - Biceps femoris
    - Semitendinosus
    - Semimembranosus
  12. 12What innervates the hamstrings?Sciatic nerve
  13. 13What makes the tuber ischii unpalpable in the horse?Vertebral head of the hamstrings
  14. 14Give the name of 3 other potential stifle flexors.1. Gastrocnemius
    2. Popliteis
    3. Superficial Digital Flexor (mostly tendinous)
  15. 15What is the origin and insertion for the gastrocnemius?O: Distal femur
    I: Calcaneus
  16. 16What is the origin and insertion for the SDF?O: Distal femur
    I: Calcaneus and P1
  17. 17Where do the flexor muscles of the hock lie?Cranial to the hock joint
  18. 18Give the name of 4 hock flexors.1. Peroneus tertius
    2. Cranial tibial
    3. Long digital extensor
    4. Lateral digital extensor
  19. 19What is the innervation to all the hock flexors?Peroneal nerve
  20. 20What is the insertion for the peroneus tertius and cranial tibial?Proximal MCIII
  21. 21What does the peroneus tertius share an origin with?Long digital extensor
  22. 22Where do the long and lateral digital extensors fuse?Mid-metatarsus
  23. 23Where does the long digital extensor insert?Dorsoproximal aspect of P3/distal phalanx
  24. 24What does the long digital extensor attaching to the distal phalanx allow?Provides extension of digit
  25. 25What functionally binds the long digital extensor to distal tibia and hock to prevent displacement?Retinaculae
  26. 26Give the name of 3 hock extensors.1. Gastrocnemius
    2. Superficial digital flexor
    3. Deep digital flexor
  27. 27Where does the superficial digital flexor insert?Calcaneus
    P1
    P2
  28. 28What two muscles make up the reciprocal apparatus/mechanism?Superficial digital flexor
    Peroneus tertius
  29. 29What is the purpose of the reciprocal apparatus?Movements of stifle and hock are linked
  30. 30What allows the movements of the stifle and hock to be linked in the reciprocal apparatus?Hindlimb SDF is almost entirely tendinous, and peroneus tertius is completely tendinous
  31. 31Which part of the reciprocal apparatus is important in weight bearing?SDF
  32. 32Give 2 features of SDF that allow it to limit further flexion at the joint when the stifle is fixed.1. Mostly tendinous
    2. Sturdy attachment to calcaneus
  33. 33What is the function of peroneus tertius?Limits hock extension when stifle is flexed
  34. 34What is the position of all joints when weight bearing?Flexed
  35. 35What must happen to the stifle and hock due to the reciprocal apparatus?Flex or extend in tandem
  36. 36Give the 3 steps to which the SDF plays a role in stay appartus.1. Patella locking limits stifle flexion
    2. Weight bearing encourages flexion of hip, stifle and hock
    3. Flexion of hock limited by proximal portion of SDF when stifle locked
  37. 37What happens when the SDf is ruptured?The hock can flex even with the stifle locked
    - Cannot weight bear
  38. 38What happens if the peroneus tertius is ruptured?Can extend the hock despite stifle remaining flexed
    - doesn't affect weight bearing
  39. 39How do you check to see if the peroneus tertius is ruptured?Stifle is in flexion and the try and extend the hock.
    With rupture hock will extend, without rupture the hock won't extend
  40. 40Where does the deep digital flexor originate and insert?O: Caudal tibia proximally
    I: PIII
  41. 41What are the 3 bellies of the deep digital flexor?Medial, lateral and caudal tibial
  42. 42What do the 3 bellies of the deep digital flexor converge to form?Combined tendon
    (medial belly fuses more distally)
  43. 43WMedially to calcaneus
    (medial tendon separate to major tendon)
  44. 44What is the path of the deep digital flexor prior to attaching to the distal phalanx?Passes over plantar aspect of distal sesamoid (navicular bone)
  45. 45What does the path of the deep digital flexor provide?Extra leverage and increased force delivery to the digit, while spreading the force over a smooth surface.
  46. 46What causes the inability of the hock to flex during patella locking?Superficial digital flexor
  47. 47Name 2 tendon sheaths/bursae in the tarsus region.1. Tarsal sheath
    2. Calcaneal bursa
  48. 48What does the tarsal sheath protect?D
  49. 49Where does the DDFT and the tarsal sheath run in the tarsal region?Groove made by sustentaculum tali
  50. 50What does the calcaneal bursa protect?SDFT as it runs over the calcaneus
  51. 51Name the 2 tarsal support structures.1. Very strong collateral ligaments
    2. Long Plantar ligament
  52. 52Do the tarsal collateral ligaments have two portions, short and long?Yes
  53. 53What do the tarsal collateral ligaments prevent?Mediolateral movement
  54. 54What does the long plantar ligament resist?Hyperextension
    (particularly in distal joints)
  55. 55What are the 4 levels in the tarsal joint?1. Tarsocrural (tarsotibial) - TC
    2. Proximal intertarsal (PIT)
    3. Distal intertarsal (DIT)
    4. Tarsometatarsal (TMT)
  56. 56Which tarsal joint capsules usually communicate?Tarsocrural and Proximal intertarsal
  57. 57Which tarsal joint capsule does distal intertarsal occasionally communicate with?Tarsometatarsal joint
  58. 58How many injections would need to be taken from the tarsal joint?3
    (TC/PIT, DIT, TMT)
  59. 59Which of the tarsal joints are harder to do and less likely to cause problems?DIT
    TMT
  60. 60Where would you inject for the TMT?Between MT IV and fourth tarsal bone
  61. 61Where would you inject for DIT?Palpate groove between 2nd and 3rd tarsal bone, inject at proximal end of this groove - next to central tarsal bone
  62. 62Where would you inject for TC/PIT joint?Palpate dorsal aspect of ridge-inject dorsal pouch
  63. 63What do you have to palpate and avoid when injecting into the TC-PIT joint?Medial saphenous veins on dorsal joint
  64. 64What is the extra sensory innervation to the dorsal aspect of the hindlimb?Deep peroneal nerve which give off dorsal metatarsal nerves
  65. 65Where do the deep peroneal nerves run?Medial and lateral to extensor tendons
  66. 66What nerve provides the majority of sensory innervation to the distal limb?Tibial nerve
    (plantar and plantar metatarsal nerves)
  67. 67When doing a hindlimb nerve block, how many injections are need and what do they account for?2 extra
    Dorsal metatarsal nerves
  68. 68What is the main arterial supply to the hindlimb?Cranial and caudal tibial
  69. 69Where does the cranial tibial artery perforate through and to get where?Perforates through tarsal bones
    To plantar surface
  70. 70At what point are the arteries the same as the forelimb?Distal to tarsus
  71. 71What prevents the veins completely satelliting the arteries?Enlarged medial and lateral saphenous veins
  72. 72Which vein is palpable over the dorsomedial hock?Medial saphenous vein
  73. 73What arteries are palpable in distal hindlimb of horse over abaxial surface of proximal sesamoid bones?Digital arteries

Information

Description
2. Musculoskeletal lectures AHS2 (Locomotor anatomy) Flashcards on Equine distal hindlimb, created by Rachael Jones on 26/10/2016.
Created by
Rachael Jones
Views
0
Rating

More on Hindlimb and Foot Anatomy

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?