Flashcards
Earthquakes and Fold Mountains - GCSE
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1What is an Earthquake?1: Shaking and vibration of the Earth's crust
2: Due to movement of the Earth's plates (plate tectonics)
* can happen along any type of plate boundary * - 2How do Earthquakes occur?1: Tension is released from inside the crust
2:Plates get stuck ( Happens if the plates are not moving smoothly past each other)
3: Pressure builds up
4: Pressure is eventually released
5: EARTHQUAKE!! #Possible - 3What is the Focus?The point inside the crust where the pressure is released
- 4What is the Epicenter?The point on the Earth's surface above the focus
- 5How is the Earthquakes energy released?1: Energy released in ' Seismic waves'
2: These waves spread out from the focus.
3: Waves felt most strongly at the epicentre ( As they travel far away, becomes less stronger)
* Severe damage will happen close to the epicentre * # By an Earthquake - 6Earthquake Structure
- 7How is the power of an Earthquake measured?1: Measured using a seisometer
2: It detects vibrations caused
3: Plots these vibrations on a seismograph - 8How is the strength/Magnitude of an Earthquake measured?1: Measured using the Richter scale
2: The scale is numbered 0-10
* 10 being the greatest strength/Magnitude* - 9How is the amount of damage caused by an Earthquake measured?Mercalli scale
- 10Mercalli scale
- 11Richter scale
- 12Short term impacts of an Earthquake ( SOCIAL )1: People may be killed/injured
2: Homes may be destroyed
3: Transport/Communication links destroyed
4: Water pipes could burst
5: Water supplies may be contaminated - 13Long term impacts of an Earthquake ( SOCIAL )1: Disease may spread
2: People may have to be re housed (Sometimes in Refugee camps) - 14Short term impacts of an Earthquake ( ECONOMIC)1: Shops/Businesses can be destroyed
2: Risk of Looting
3: Trade can be made difficult ( due to damaged transportation/communication links ) - 15Long term impacts of an Earthquake ( ECONOMIC)1: Cost of rebuilding a settlement is high
2: Investment for the area may have to be focused on just repairing the damage caused
3: Income could be lost - 16Short term impacts of an Earthquake (ENVIRONMENTAL)1: Landscape may be destroyed
2: Fires can spread ( Due to gas explosions)
3: Fires can damage woodland areas
4: Risk of Landslides
5: Tsunami can occur in coastal areas - cause immense flooding - 17Long term impacts of an Earthquake ( ENVIRONMENTAL )1: Important natural + Human landmarks can be lost
- 18What is meant by Primary effects?Occur as a direct result of the ground shaking eg Buildings collapsing
- 19What is meant by Secondary effects?Occur as a result of the primary effects, eg tsunamis
- 20What affects the impact of an Earthquake?1: Distance from the epicentre (The effects of an earthquake are more severe at its centre)
2: The higher on the Richter scale, the more severe the earthquake is.
3: Level of development (MEDC or LEDC)
4: MEDCs are more likely to have the resources and technology for monitoring, prediction and response. - 21What affects the impact of an Earthquake?5: Population density (rural or urban area). The more densely populated an area, the more likely there are to be deaths and casualties.
6: Communication - accessibility for rescue teams.
7: Time of day . A severe earthquake at rush hour in a densely populated urban area could have devastating effects.
8 : Time of year and climate will influence survival rates and the rate at which disease can spread. - 22What is the effects of an Earthquake/ Volcanic Eruption in an LEDC?1: People not well educated - They will not know what to do
2: Construction is poor. Most forms of shelter will suffer serious damage
3: High death tolls - due to buildings collapsing - 23What is the effects of an Earthquake/ Volcanic Eruption in an LEDC?4: Emergency plans hard to begin- Due to lack of funds + resources
5: Not enough money to rebuild homes safely + quickly
6: People could be forced to live in emergency housing or refugee camps - 24Ways an Earthquake can be predicted1: Laser beams - Used to detect plate movement
2 - Seismometer - To pick up vibrations in the Earth's crust. - Increase in vibration = Possible Earthquake
3: Radon gas escapes from cracks in the Earth's crust. - Sudden increase in this gas = Possible Earthquake - 25Preparing for Earthquakes1: Train people
-Practice Earthquake drills
- Paying attention to TV/Radio
2: Storing Emergency kits
- First aid items
- Blankets
- Tin food - 26Formation of Fold Mountains
- 27Human activity around Fold Mountains1: Winter sports (Skiing)
2: Hiking
3: Lakeside holidays
4: Agriculture
5: Forestry
7: Communications
8: Hydro Electric Power
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- Flashcards on Earthquakes and Fold Mountains - GCSE, created by Faiza Pathan on 03/11/2016.
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- Faiza Pathan
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