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Description
Flashcards by pjlovingthelearning, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by pjlovingthelearning
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Stab in the Back Myth | Idea that Germany had not properly defeated in WW1 but betrayed by politicians from the Weimar Republic. Referred to by Hitler |
| November Criminals | How nationalist described Weimar politicians because they signed the Armistice to end WW1 in November 1918. |
| Article 48 | Part of the Weimar Constitution. Allowed the President to rule alone in an emergency. This is what happened between 1930 and 1932. |
| Proportional Representation | Voting system used by the Weimar Republic under its constitution. Meant that many of its enemies got seats in the Reichstag. |
| Reichstag | German Parliament |
| Treaty of Versailles | Peace treaty signed in June 1919 by Germany and the Allies. Hated in Germany for being unfair, harsh and humiliating |
| Alsace-Lorraine | Former German territory on French-German border which was given to France under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles |
| Reparations | Fine that Germany had to pay as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles |
| Diktat | Means dictated peace - Germany never got to discuss the Treaty of Versailles. |
| Kapp Putsch | Protest organised in March 1920 by Wolfgang Kapp. Involved 5,000 Freikorps and ended by a strike of the workers. |
| Spartacist Rising | Communist rising in January 1919 led by Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht |
| Passive resistance | How German workers protested in 1923 when French and Belgium troops invaded the Ruhr |
| Invasion of Ruhr - January 1923 | French and Belgian troops invaded Ruhr industrial region in January 1923 when Germany announced it could not pay the reparations. |
| Munich Beer Hall Putsch | Nazi attempt to take power in November 1923. It failed and Hitler was sent to prison (Landsberg Fortress) |
| Landsberg Fortress | Prison that Adolf Hitler was sent to after the failed Munich Beer Hall Putsch. He was sentenced to 5 years but only served 9 months. |
| Mein Kampf | Means 'My Struggle'. Book which Hitler wrote in prison outlining his political aims including gaining power by 'legal methods' |
| SA | Known as Brownshirts. Helped Hitler's rise to power. Got rid of in Night of Long Knives - 1934 |
| Hyperinflation - 1923 | Economic crisis which hit Germany in 1923 after it printed too many banknotes. Winners were those with debts. Losers those with savings or paid monthly. |
| Fulfilment | Policy of Gustav Stresemann to try and fulfil the terms of the Treaty of Versailles |
| Rentenmark | New currency created by Stresemann to end hyperinflation crisis |
| Dawes Plan (1924) | Agreement with USA to reduce reparations payments and lend Germany money to pay them. |
| Locarno Treaties (1925) | Treaties where Germany promised to respect borders of France and Belgium. |
| Nobel Peace Prize | Award given to Gustav Stresemann in 1926 for getting Germany back into League of Nations and negotiating the Locarno Treaties of 1925. |
| Young Plan (1929) | Plan which further reduced the reparations payment. Man called Alfred Hugenberg organised a campaign against it. |
| Bamberg Conference (1926) | Conference organised by Nazis where Hitler survived a leadership challenge from Gregor Strasser and Joseph Goebbels. |
| 12 seats | The number of seats the Nazis had in the Reichstag in 1928. |
| Wall Street Crash (1929) | Economic crash in USA which led to the Great Depression of the early 1930s. |
| Germany is dancing on a volcano | How Stresemann described Germany's economic situation in the late 1920s. |
| 6 million unemployed | The impact of the Great Depression was devastating. 5 banks also went bust and 23 million were affected. |
| Great Depression | Worldwide economic depression which was particularly badly felt in Germany. 6 million were unemployed and 23 million affected. |
| Heinrich Bruning | Chancellor of Germany between 1930 and 1932. Relied in Article 48. He wanted to increase taxes and reduce government spending. |
| Franz von Papen | Replaced Bruning as Chancellor. |
| Work and Bread | Hitler's promise to the German people |
| Our Last Hope | Famous propaganda poster which portrayed Hitler as people's 'Last Hope' |
| Fritz Thyssen | German businessmen who helped fund the Nazis to prevent the spread of Communism. |
| The Reichstag Fire | 27th February 1933. Communists blamed. Persuaded Hindenburg to pass the Law for the Protection of People and the State to break up Communist meetings. |
| Election - 5 March 1933 | This election saw the Nazis gain 288 seats. |
| Enabling Act - March 1933 | Law gave Hitler power to be a dictator. Persuaded Nationalists to support him as he needed two-thirds of votes to pass the law. |
| Trade Unions | Hitler closed down the Trade Unions and replaced them with the German Labour Front (DAF) |
| State Parliaments | All Germany's state parliaments were abolished in January 1934 |
| Night of the Long Knives - June 1934 | 30th June 1934 - Hitler feared Rohm and his 2-3 million strong SA. He used SS to smash the SA leadership. |
| Cult of the Fuhrer | People in Germany worshipped Hitler. For example, his birthday was a national holiday. |
| Speak through a flower | People in Germany could only say good things about the Nazis or they would be sent for 're-education'. |
| Death Head Units | Branch of SS who ran the concentration camps. |
| Editor's Law | Newspaper editors could be imprisoned if they spoke out against Nazis. |
| Burning of the Books - 1933 | Took place in Berlin - works by Communists, Jews and foreigners were publicly burnt. About 20,000 books burnt. |
| People's Receiver | Radios were sold cheaply so people could listen to the radio when not at home. |
| Nuremberg Rallies | Rallies held annually by Hitler in the German town of Nuremberg. Like a big pop concert only with Hitler making speeches |
| Concordat | Agreement between Hitler and the Catholic Church. Hitler agreed not to interfere with Catholic Church. |
| With Burning Anxiety | Papal encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI expressing concerns about Nazi policy. |
| Edelweiss Pirates | Rebel youth group - mainly working-class. They went around beating up Hitler youth patrols and writing anti-Nazi messages. |
| Swing Movement | Mainly middle-class - listened to American jazz music and hung around with Jewish people. Did not conform. |
| White Rose Group | Rebel students at Munich University led by Hans and Sophie Scholl. Produced anti-Nazi leaflets and put up posters on the walls. |
| Stauffenberg Plot - July 1944 | Also known as July Bomb Plot- organised by Count von Stauffenberg. Plot failed and Hitler took revenge killing 5,746 people. |
| Kinder, Kirche, Kuche | Means Children, Church and Cooking. Nazi priorities for women. |
| Race Studies | New subject in German schools - students learnt about Nazi ideas on race. |
| Eugenics | New subject which taught children about selective breeding and the creation of the master race. |
| Lebensraum | Means 'Living Space' - pupils were taught about lands that were once part of Germany. |
| Indoctrinate | Means to teach people to believe something - especially young people. |
| Hitler Youth | There were many youth groups for young people in Nazi Germany. Organised separate activities for boys and girls. |
| New Plan | Dr Hjalmar Schacht's plan to reduce unemployment and make Germany self-sufficient. |
| Four Year Plan | Economic plan organised by Hermann Goring. Focused on Germany being self-sufficient and preparing for war. |
| National Labour Service | Gave young men jobs on manual labour projects such as planting new forests. 1935 law said all men should spend 6 months in the Labour Service. |
| Public Works Schemes | Law of June 1933 - creation of networks of autobahns - all work to be done by hand. |
| Invisible unemployment | Official government figures in Nazi Germany did not include Jews, Women, Unmarried women or Opponents of Nazis. |
| Strength Through Joy | Set up to provide workers with activities such as going on a cruise ship or going on a hike. |
| Beauty of Labour | Improved working conditions such as reducing noise levels or building canteens and sports facilities. |
| Aryan | Hitler's idea of blonde haired and blue eyed people. |
| Untermenschen | The 'unmentionables' in Nazi Germany. Races that Hitler and Nazis saw as sub-human such as Jews and Slavs. |
| Nuremberg Laws - 1935 | Laws that said Jews could not be German citizens and marriage and sex between Germans and Jews banned. |
| Boycott of Jewish shops - 1933 | SA organised boycott of Jewish shops in 1933. |
| The Eternal Jew | Anti-Semitic propaganda film in Nazi Germany. |
| The Poisonous Mushroom | Anti-Semitic story read to children in Nazi Germany and written by Julius Streicher. |
| Berlin Olympics - 1936 | The Olympics were held in Germany in 1936 - the anti-Jewish propaganda was watered down. |
| Kristallnacht | Night of the Broken Glass - 1938. 10,000 Jewish shops ransacked, 20,000 put into concentration camps and 91 Jews murdered. |
| Einsatzgruppen | Group of SS soldiers sent to murder any Jews they could find. |
| Final Solution | The solution of the Nazis to the 'Jewish problem' was to murder every single Jew in Europe. Final Solution decided at Wannsee Conference in 1942. |
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