Flashcards
Multiple Homicide
Cards in this deck (63)
- 1Why is there not statitory definition of murder?Because there are so many ways that muder can happen.
- 2What is the difference between Actus rea and Mens rea ?Actus rea = the act of taking a life, it is the physical element.
Mens rea = the mental element, it is the intent to do the crime.
(Actus = Act
Mens = metal) - 3What is the average sentance for murder and manslaughter?14 years for murder, 7 for manslaughter.
- 4How can mental health being added into the equation affect these setances in terms of length?When mental health is added, the sentences can be for an indifinate period of time.
- 5According to Michell, 1979 what is the most common motive for multiple homicide?A personal emotional reason causing the offence to take place during a fit of temper.
- 6Who wrote about the typologies of homicide?Brookman (2005)
- 7What did Brookman (2005) look at for her article?She looked at homicide case data and the relationships between victims and offenders.
- 8What did she find as the top 3 typologies of homicide?1) Domestic homicide (31%)
- sexual intimacy (17%)
-family intimacy (14%)
2) Confrontational homicide (unrelated individuals, 22%)
3) Homicide in the course of another crime (7%) - 9What did Mitchell (1990) find in terms of use of weapons in the UK for homicides?Most cases involved the use of a sharp instrument.
- 10Who wrote the article 'Homicide and Social Status' ?Dorling, 2004.
- 11What were the five questions asked at the beginning of his article?Who was murdered?
When where they murdered?
Where were they murdered?
With what were they murdered?
Why were they murdered? - 12The homicide data between what periods was monitored for this report?1981-2000
- 13What did the study show in terms of who was murdered?The murder rate for men was twice that of women and a quarter of all murders are of men aged 17-32.
- 14When were they murdered?The number and rate of murders had doubled since the late 1960's
- 15What is the difference in how this increased rate of murder has affected men and women?Womens murder rates apart from infants has either fallen or stayed the same. This is the same for men over 60 however for men between the ages of 5-59 the murder rate has dramatically increased.
- 16How much has the murder rate for men between the ages of 20-24 increased?It has doubled.
- 17Where they were murdered...what does this question reveal about the crucial factor influencing the risk of male homicide? What is there a link between?The crucial factor is the nature of where that person lives.
There is a link between the poverty of an area and homicide rates, the poorer the area the higher the murder rate. - 18What does this link with poverty mean in terms of the concentration of this rise in murders?Mostly concentrated around working age men living in the poorest areas of britain.
- 19With what were they murdered links to Mitchell (1990) in what way?Dorling found they were murdered mostly using sharp instruments, not guns.
- 20What is the normal pattern of homicide rates and how did Dorling (2004) find this differed from a group of men born in the mid 60's?The homicide rates decline as the young males mature, Dorling found with a select group of men born in the mid 60's that this was the opposite, the murder rate increases with age.
- 21What did Dorling suggest was the reasoning behind this?Dorling suggested that this group of men was a generation who reached school leaving age when the recession of the early 80's struck. These men were most likely to be effected by the lack of jobs and were victims of inequality and hoplessness which led to fear, violence and murder.
- 22What is the FBI's Trichotomy of Multiple Murderers ?Mass Killings
Spree Killings
Serial Killings - 23What is a mass killing?The killer kills multiple people in one place and at one time.
- 24Who is an example of a mass killer and what did he do?Thomas Hamilton - Opened fire on a classroom of school children and their teacher at Dunblane Primary, killing 16 children and one teacher. He then turned the gun on himself.
- 25What was the background of Thomas Hamiliton?1)He was born in 1952, Glasgow.
2)He never knew his father and grew up believing his mother was his sister and his grandparents his mum and dad.
3)He became an assistant scout leader at 20 and thrown out after boys complained he trained them to use hand guns and made them engage in perverted acts.
4)He went on to run another 16 boys clubs but continued to resent the boy scouts. - 26How was Thomas Hamilton described by others who knew him?Deceitful, intolerant, controlling and of having delusions of grandeur. He was also domineering and used attack as a form of defense.
- 27What did the 1996 Government report conclude?He was not mentall ill, but had a paranoid personality and the desire to control others, he also was facing financial difficulties which he blamed on his dismissal at the boy scouts impacting his future failing boys clubs. He also had a low mood.
- 28Define spree killingA spree killing occurs over a longer period of time but not more then 30 days and often across multiple locations.
- 29Who is an example of a spree killer and what did he do?Anders Brevile - in 2011 he changed into a police uniform and drove a van containing a home made bomb to an area central to the Norway government. It killed 8 people, he then went to the Workers league youth camp and opened fire for nearly an hour, killing 69 people.
- 30What was his motive?He was far right and racist, he believed that muslims would invade Europe.
- 31What diagnosis did he recieve?At first paranoid schizphrenia which was later changed to narcissistic personality disorder. He was believed to be legally sane.
- 32What was his sentance?Dentention for 21 years but will be held as long as he is considered a danger.
- 33Define serial killingOccurs repeatedly from days, weeks, months to years. Must be over 30 days and contain periods of cooling off which is absent in spree and mass killings.
- 34Who is an example of a serial killer? and what did he do?Dr Harold Shipman- killed more then 200 of his elderly patients through injection of lethal amounts of diamorphine.
- 35What was his background?As a young man he cared for his mother who received diamorphine injections as part of her cancer treatment. After her death he studied and graduated in medicine and became a family doctor .He had been practicing since the 1970's. He had previously been charged with drug offences but was considered fit for practice after treatment for this. He killed his patients by overdosing them on the same diamorphine that had been used to treat his mother.
- 36What prompted the investigation into him?His family reported him to the police after the Will of his last victim had been changed, leaving everything to him.
- 37What sentance did Shipman receive?A full life sentance without chance of parole
- 38What happened to Shipman after and when?He hung himself in his cell in 2004.
- 39What is the difference between Act-focused killers and Process - focused killers?Act - focused : Quicker to kill
Process - focused: Take their time and enjoy the act of killing. - 40Who argues that their are two types of Act - focused killers and what are they?Holmes.
Visionary killers : psychotically disturbed individual who sees visions and/or hears voices telling them to kill.
Missionary killers: have a desire to eradicate a certain group of people such as prostitutes or homosexuals. - 41What four types of process killers does Holmes say exist?Comfort-orient hedonist
Lust oriented hedonist
Thrill oriented hedonist
Power/control - 42What are comfort orient hedonists and lust orientated hedonists?Comfort: takes pleasure in the act of killing, has some other form of personal gain from it such as revenge.
Lust : sees killing as an erotic pleasure. - 43What are Thrill orientated hedonists and power/control process killers?Thrill: get a rush from kiling and a sense of neo-sexual euphoria from it.
Power/control: takes pleasure from dominating and frigthening the victim. - 44Which are most likely to engage in torture?Lust, thrill and power/control process killers.
- 45Do act-focused killers ever engage in torture?no.
- 46Which act focused killer is most likely to leave the scene in disarray and suffer from mental health problems?The visionary killer.
- 47What is a problem with Holmes's theory?Killers may not fit into the typologies or may fit into several at the same time.
- 48Who suggest it is more useful to differentiate between motivations then types?Fox and Levin (2005)
- 49What five motivations do Fox and Levin (2005) suggest?Power
Revenge
Loyalty
Profit
Terror - 50When does Leyton (1989) suggest serial killing is most prevalent?During period of serial unrest and upheaval.
- 51What does Leyton (1998) suggest this is because of other then just psychopathy?protestation against the rise of the underclass.
- 52Differences in statistics. Who suggested the number of homicides in the US per year is between 3,500-5000?Holmes and De Burger (1988)
- 53How did they get this figure?based on the assumption that up to 2/3 of people out of 5000 unidentified homicides per year could be attributed to unidentified multiple murderers.
- 54What was this figure labelled as?'preposterous' and adding to 'moral panic'
- 55Who did another study and what did they find?Rossler et al (1088) between 30 to 100 multiple murders could be active at any one time in the US.
- 56What is a problem with this study?The significant different between the two figures.
- 57What do Gresswell and Hollin take into account for the UK when considering the same thing here?The smaller population size and lower murder rate.
- 58How many unidentified multiple murderers do they suggest are active in the UK?Approx 4.
- 59Mental Illness and Homicide. Are the mentally ill more likely to commit homicide?no.
- 60Who identified the widespread misconception between the link of mental illness and homicide as being caused by a small number of high profile cases and media constructed moral panic?Monahan & Steadman (1994)
- 61What does Brookman (2005) add to this?The bulk of evidence suggests that very few homicides are committed by those suffering from mental illness.
- 62What did Swanson et al (1997) say increased this risk?A major mental disorder + substance abuse.
- 63What did Prins (2005) find from 10 in-depth case studies?The majority (90%) were committed by white males who were heterosexual (70%) and for sexually motivated reasons (70%) however 30% were psychotic, this is high considering the small sample. However the small sample is also a weakness of the study.
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- Criminology (Mental Health and Offending) Flashcards on Multiple Homicide, created by Thomas Pashley on 12/01/2017.
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