Flashcards
AS World At risk
Cards in this deck (51)
- 1DroughtA drought is an extended period of lower-than-average precipitation which causes water shortage.
Places prone: N.Africa, Central Asia and Australia - 2human causes of global warming-fossil fuels
-deforestation
-fertillisers
-CFC
-ricefields and cattle
-atom bomb testing
-rubbish dumps - 3Natural hazardsnatural phenomena that threatens life or property
- 4ITCZintertropical convergence zone. belt of low pressure near equator. characterised by convection currents and generates over large areas
- 5coriolis forcecenter of hurricane=low pressure and around=high pressure, coriolis force causes them to move around each other.
- 6FloodsOverflowing of large amounts of water, especially over what is normally dry land.
Prone to flooding: Bangladesh - 7Earthquakea series of vibrations at the surface of the earth. Prone to Earthquakes: Japan and China
- 8Volcanoan opening in the earths crust from which material from below the earths surface is or has been ejected. Prone to countries around the perimeter of the pacific plate 'Ring of Fire'
- 9landslides & avalanchesthe sliding of a large amount of rock or soil down a slope under the force of gravity OR a sudden downward movement of snow or ice in mountainous regions
- 10disaster risk equationR= type of hazard (H) x vulnerability of hazard (V) / capacity to cope (C)
- 11Chronic Hazardslong term hazards such as El Nino or global warming
- 12Global Warmingthe observable increase in average global temperatures of the earth, caused by the enhanced green house effect.
- 13Kyoto Protocolmade in 2005 to set carbon emissions. Countries who sign (MEDCs) must reduce emissions by 5%. America, a major contributor to green house gases has not signed.
- 14IPCCIntergovernmental panel on climate change. Created 1988 by UNEP
- 15Earth SummitHeld in Rio Janeiro 1992. Led to the creation of Kyoto Protocol
- 16All causes of flooding-Dry lands
-prolonged rainfall
-banks overflow
-defence systems fails eg levees
-Country lies downstream - 17why has there been increased reports of disasters?-better technology
-more monitoring agencies
-EM-DATA creation 1988
-closer analysis of data - 18which hazards have had the biggest increase in reports?-Floods
-wind storms
-avalaunches - 19why has there been decreasing deaths due to hazards?-better understanding
-better predictions and precautions taken
-better constructions - 20Increasing economic cost due to hazards?-1980 it would of costed $20 billion and now it costs $160 billion
-those affected risen from 100 million to 200 million - 21When did Hurricane katrina strike?2005
- 22How many people did hurricane katrina affect?650 million
- 23How has our capacity to cope increased?-warning systems
-emergency responses
-government preparedness
-disaster proof buildings
-specified construction in disaster prone areas - 24Mitigateto STOP
- 25Adaptreduce impacts
- 26adaptive capacitythe ability of a nation to overcome changes
- 27how to mitigate climate change-restrictions on CO2
-Afforestation
-Use green energy and biofuels
-stop deforestation
-reduce car usage - 28how to adapt to climate change-predict, research
-move people from low lying areas
-buildings to withstand
-provide water in droughts
-GM crops - 29changes in rainfallhigh latitudes = more rain
mid latitudes = less rain - 30less rain results in...dehydration, drought, disease
- 31increased rain leads to...flooding, landslides, disease
- 32effect of more hot days/ heatwaves-increase demand for water
-deaths from heatwaves
-drought - 33El Nino causes...-warm ocean
-more natural hazards and changing rainfall hazards
-drought in West pacific and Floods in the East - 34La Nina-floods in west and drought in east
-cold ocean - 35Hotspotswhen two or more hazards occur in vulnerable places
- 36Characteristics of a natural hazard-magnitude
-duration
-location
-timing - 37riskiest place to liveTaiwan- 73% exposed to 3 or more hazards
- 38direct losses due to hazards-loss of assets due to hazards eg, home, factory
- 39indirect losses-long term
-remains destroyed and in disrepair
eg, factories, loss of building, workers, jobs, wages - 40distribution of disaster effects-95% deaths of hazards in LDCs
-takes higher % of their GDP - 41cycle of loss and recovery-LDCs focus on dev issues
-but efforts destroyed via hazards
-they repair, reducing GDP and the another hazard will occur - 42drought- anthropogenic causes-deforestation reduces soil ability to hold water (drys out, results in desertification & drought)
-dams=drought downstream (reduce flow) - 43drought- physical causes-less rain
-seasonal variability
-Gwarming= increased temps
-high pressure air systems
-dry winds
-la nina - 44California location-west pacific coast
-borders Nevada, Oregon, Arizona
-Cities: New york, san francisco, LA, sacramento - 45California earthquake hazards-on pacific ring of fire
-San Andrea fault line (conservative plate) - 46California landslide hazards-hilled & sandy soil
-saturated soil during intense rain
-seismic activity
-built up - 47California drought hazards--anticyclones
-la nina
-climate - 48California wildfires hazards--santa ana winds
-climate
-people to rural area with flammable material eg. electricity cables - 49non human causes of global warming-sunspots
-volcanic dust
-milankovitch
-ENSO
-melting permafrost - 50what is the 'price tag'?it is the temperature rise we are felling now due to the emissions that occurred decades ago
- 51impact of sea level rise-changes shape
-harms biodiversity
-loss of arable land
-infratructure & pop
-costly to relocate
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- AS level AS Geography Retake Flashcards on AS World At risk, created by Maria Philpott on 18/01/2017.
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- Maria Philpott
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