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| Question | Answer |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | • a molecule that carries genetic information in cells • contains all information necessary to make a complete organism |
| DNA structure | • shaped like a double-stranded helix • composed of one phosphate group, one 5 carbon sugar, one nitrogenous base |
| DNA is made by… | 1. Enzyme splits 2. Enzymes match As & Ts and Cs & Gs 3. Enzymes continue building along DNA 4. Stops when both strands are an exact copy of each other |
| Four building blocks of DNA | Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine |
| Gene | a segment of DNA molecule that codes for a particular trait; found at a specific location on a chromosome |
| Locus | the location of a gene on a chromosome |
| Sequence | order of nucleotides in a DNA strand |
| Lactase | an enzyme that breaks down a sugar found in milk |
| Myosin | a mechanical protein that allows muscles to contract |
| Collagen | a structural protein found in skin and cartilage |
| Hemoglobin | a transport protein that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen |
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