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Description
Flashcards by Amber Steele, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Fundamental Principle of Counting | When there are m ways to do one thing, and n ways to do another, then there are m×n ways of doing both. For example, if there are 3 colours and 3 sizes of t-shirt, then there are 9 combinations available. |
| Sample Space | The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. There are three types: list, tree diagram and two-way table |
| Two-way table | A sample space for showing the combined outcomes of two independent events. For example a throw of a die and picking a card from a pack. |
| Probability Scale | |
| Trial | Any particular performance of a random experiment, e.g. one roll of a die |
| Outcome | A result of a trial |
| Event | Occurrence of one or more specified outcomes. If we are looking to land an even number on a die, rolling a 6 would be an example of an event |
| Relative Frequency = Experimental Probability |
An estimate of the probability of an event occurring based on outcomes of trials already carried out
Image:
rel_freq (image/jpeg)
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| Fair = Unbiased | If all outcomes are equally likely to occur then the trial or experiment is considered to be fair or unbiased. For example, a fair die should land on heads around 50% of the time |
| Theoretical Probability = Probability | Probability of an event happening found by dividing the number of desirable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. E.g. Probability of rolling a 3 on a fair die is 1/6 as there is one favourable outcome and six possible outcomes |
| Expected Frequency | Estimate of how many times we'd expect an event to happen over a set number of trials Expected Frequency = (no of trials) x (relative frequency or probability) |
| Tree Diagram |
Used to write down all possible combinations for two or more trials. Example below is for flipping a coin two times
Image:
tree_diagram (image/jpeg)
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