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Flashcards

Nematodes 5

Rachael Jones 2. Agents of disease AD1 BVSc English 42 cards

Cards in this deck (42)

  1. 1What are Rhabditoidea?Free living/ parasitic generation
  2. 2Give an example of a Rhabditoidea.Strongyloides
  3. 3What is the parasitic cycle of the Strongyloides?1. L3 ingested or penetrates the skin
    2. Lung migration
    3. Adults in the small intestines
  4. 4What conditions are required by Strongyloides?Warm, moist conditions
  5. 5In which species are Strongyloides found?Dogs
    Horses
    Pigs
    Humans
    Calves - deep straw, irritation on feet (redness and inflammation)
  6. 6Are Strongyloides self limiting?Yes
  7. 7What is the pathogenesis and clinical signs of Strongyloides?1. Young animals due to not being immune yet
    2. Diarrhoea
    3. Weight loss
  8. 8How can the egg of Strongyloides be distinguished?Small (55 micro meters)
    Pale
    Loads of them but need to be considered alongside other aspects for disease
  9. 9What are "pinworms"?Oxyuroidea
  10. 10What is the most common Oxyuroidea in humans in the UK?Enterobius vermicularis
  11. 11Where is Enterobius vermicularis found in humans?Large intestines
  12. 12What is an Oxyuroidea found in horses?Oxyuris equi
  13. 13What are features of Oxyuris equi?1. Direct life cycle - embryonated egg infective
  14. 14What is the pathology of Oxyuris equi?1. None in intestines
    2. Pruritis - "rat-tail" caused by itchiness
    (causes more eggs to be knocked off perineum and spread)
  15. 15How is Oxyuris equi diagnosed?Scotch tape dabbed around the perineum
  16. 16What are Trichuris species?Whipworms
  17. 17Where are Trichuris species found?1. Large intestines - head buried in the mucosa, tail in the lumen (mating can occur)
    2. In various hosts (dog, pig and human)
  18. 18How can Trichuris species be distinguished?Characteristic eggs with plugs on either end
  19. 19What do Trichuris species cause?Mucoid and bloody diarrhoea
  20. 20What have Trichuris species been used for in medicine?Therapy for inflammatory disorders of bowel - helps reverse the changes
  21. 21Give an example of a Trichuris species which is a serious zoonotic.Trichinella spiralis
  22. 22Where are the adults found?In small intestines but transient and only live for 1 to 2 weeks
  23. 23Where are the larvae of Trichinella spiralis found?In nurse cells in striated muscle for as long as the host lives
  24. 24What can happen in humans with Trichinella spiralis?1. Transient enteritis
    2. Myositis
    3. Can be fatal due to spike in cytokines and inflammation
  25. 25How can Trichinella spiralis be acquired?From infected meat - most commonly pork
    - Cannibalism
  26. 26How are Spiruroids and Filarioids transmitted?Insect vectors
    Refined transmission strategies - well adapted to host behaviour
  27. 27Where are Habreonema species found normally?Stomach of horse
  28. 28How and why are Habronema species transmitted?Transmitted by muscid fly
    - Horse will lick and consume fly on face
    Summer sores are created by a wound and adult fly will land on it and deposit larvae and horse will swallow fly to allow cycle to continue
  29. 29What is Thelazia?Eyeworm
  30. 30How is Thelazia transmitted?Flies are drawn to secretions of the eye and L3 is released on the eye by the fly. L3 has a serrated cuticle to cause abrasion of mucosa, pain and increase in lacrimal secretions to increase chance of transmission
  31. 31What is the treatment of Thelazia?Ivermectin either locally or systemically
  32. 32Where are Parafilaria bovicola found?Connective tissue
    Long worms which wind round the subcutaneous tissue
  33. 33How is Parafilaria bovicola transmitted?L1 penetrate skin
    Flies feed on blood, pick up L1 and develop into L3
    Next time fly feeds L3 is deposited
  34. 34Where is Onchocerca found?Connective tissue in horses (especially ligamentum nuchae) and cattle
  35. 35What do Onchocerca cause?Nodules - each nodule is a worm
  36. 36What is the transmission of Onchocerca?1. L1 released onto skin causing inflammation
    2. Vector is black fly (running water) and they bite the skin and take up L1
    3. L1 develops to L3 in fly
    4. Fly bites and L3 is deposited into animal
  37. 37Give 3 human filarial infections.1. Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
    2. Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)
    3. Guinea worm
  38. 38What is the name of canine (and feline) heartworm?Filarioidea - Dirofilaria immitis
  39. 39How is Dirofilaria immitis transmitted?1. Microfilariae ingested by mosquito
    2. Develop to L3, injected into definitive host
    3. Vascular migration, dormant in fascia
    4. Adults in right side of heart
  40. 40How long can it take for Dirofilaria immitis to get from fascia to the heart?6-9 months
  41. 41How is Dirofilaria immitis described?Spaghetti worm
  42. 42What do you have to be careful doing when treating Dirofilaria immitis?If the animal is worm infected it will cause the worms to die and become a bolus in the heart which can be fatal

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BVSc 2. Agents of disease AD1 (Parasitology EM) Flashcards on Nematodes 5, created by Rachael Jones on 09/02/2017.
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