769284
Description
Flashcards by sophietevans, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sophietevans
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream as they enlarge, before migrating into different tissues and differentiating into specific tissue macrophages. How long do the monocytes circulate for? | ~8 hours |
| How much do monocytes enlarge by in the circulation before migrating to the tissues? | This differentiation involves a 5 to 10-fold enlargement of the cell, increasing the number and complexity of organelles, and acquiring phagocytic ability (producing higher levels of hydrolytic enzymes and beginning to secrete a variety of soluble factors). |
| Macrophages which take up residence in specific tissues are called fixed macrophages. What is the name of the macrophages that remain motile and travel via amoeboid movement throughout the tissues? | Wandering macrophages |
| Macrophage-like cells serve different functions in different tissues and are named according to their tissue location. List some tissue-specific macrophages. | Microglial cells, splenic macrophages, mesangial phagocytes (kidney), synovial phagocytes (knee joints), intestinal macrophages, alveolar macrophages, histiocytes (connective tissue), Kupffer cells (liver), and osteoclasts (bone). |
| Activated macrophages (by antigen phagocytosis, complement, antibody, or TLR interaction with PAMPs) are more efficient at eliminating potential pathogens than inactivated macrophages. How so? | They exhibit: greater phagocytic activity, an increased ability to kill ingested microbes, increased secretion of inflammatory mediators, and an increased ability to activate T cells. Further, they secrete various cytotoxic proteins that help them eliminate a broad range of targets, including virus-infected cells, tumour cells, and intracellular bacteria. →Activated macrophages also express higher levels of class II MHC molecules, allowing them to function more effectively as antigen-presenting cells for T helper cells. |
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