UNIT 2 KEYWORDS

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Highers Biology (UNIT 2: METABOLISM & SURVIVAL) Flashcards on UNIT 2 KEYWORDS, created by Caitlin MacLean on 22/02/2017.
Caitlin MacLean
Flashcards by Caitlin MacLean, updated more than 1 year ago
Caitlin MacLean
Created by Caitlin MacLean about 7 years ago
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Question Answer
Activation Energy The minimum energy required by reactants to allow reaction to occur
Active Site The region of an enzyme molecule where the enzyme acts on the substrate
Aestivation Dormancy in response to high temperature or drought
Anabolic Reaction A reaction which requires energy and builds up molecules from smaller ones
Archaea A group of single-celled microorganisms
ATP Synthase An enzyme which produces ATP
Biological Catalysts Enzymes; made of protein and found in living cells
Calorimeter Equipment used to measure heat generation from an organism to allow metabolic rate to be calculated
Catabolic Reaction A reaction which releases energy and breaks down molecules into simpler ones
Citric Acid Cycle The second stage of respiration; where acetyl co-enzyme A and oxaloacetate join to form citrate and a series of reactions which return citrate to oxaloacetate
Competitive Inhibition Where an enzyme with a similar structure to the substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme and blocks the binding of the substrate (REVERSIBLE BY INCREASING SUBSTRATE CONC.)
Daily Torpor A period of reduced activity in organism s with high metabolic rates
Dehydrogenase An enzyme which removes hydrogen ions from substrates
Dormancy A condition of biological rest or inactivity characterised by the suspension of many metabolic processes
Effector Cells, muscles or glands which perform responses to stimuli
Electron Transport Chain The final step of respiration; where high energy electrons and hydrogen ions are used to synthesise ATP
Extremophile An organism which is able to live/survive in extreme conditions (e.g. high temperature)
FAD A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required
Feedback Inhibition Regulation of enzyme activity where the first enzyme of a metabolic pathway is inhibited by the reversible binding of the final product of the pathway (where the product inhibits its own production)
Fermentation A type of respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen
Glycolysis The first stage of respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate
Heterotrophic A type of organism that gains energy by consuming other organisms
Hibernation An inactive state resembling deep sleep in which certain animals living in cold climates pass the winter
Hypothalamus Part of the brain which monitors and regulates temperature
Induced Fit Where the active site moulds around the substrate, allowing it to fit perfectly
Ligase An enzyme which joins fragments of DNA together
Metabolites The intermediates and products of a metabolic reaction that take place in organisms
Migration A process which avoids metabolic adversity by expending energy to relocate to a more suitabl environment
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