7913342
Description
Flashcards by Tania Parvaiz, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tania Parvaiz
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are proteins used for? (4) | •Form cell structures •Form enzymes •Form chemical messengers •Form blood components |
| What are proteins made up of? | Monomers (single units) called amino acids which have been joined together |
| What structure do all amino acids have? | |
| What differs between amino acids? | R group |
| What is a dipeptide? | Two amino acids joined together |
| What is a polypeptide? | More than two amino acids joined together |
| What bond is formed when amino acids join together during a condensation reaction to release a water molecule? | A peptide bond (C-N) |
| How is a peptide bond formed? | OH from carboxyl group and H from amino group taken out to form H2O molecule. |
| What are the 4 types of sequences of amino acids? | •Primary •Secondary (alpha-helix and beta-sheet) •Tertiary •Quaternary |
| What is a proteins shape very specific to in the primary sequence? | The proteins function |
| What are the weak bonds in the secondary structure known as and what do they do? | Hydrogen bonds - cause long chain to be twisted |
| What are the 3 bonds in a tertiary sequence and what do they do? | •Disulfide bridges - relatively strong and not easily broken •Ionic bonds - formed between any carboxyl and amino groups not involved in forming peptide bonds. Weaker than disulfide and easily broken by changes in pH •Hydrogen bonds - numerous but easily broken |
| What do quaternary structures consist of? | Several polypeptide chains |
| What are the 2 protein groups which proteins can be grouped into and give examples of both? | •Fibrous proteins (E.g: collagen and keratin) •Globular proteins (E.g: haemoglobin and enzymes) |
| Where is each type of protein located? | •Fibrous: hair, nails & bones, cartilage •Globular: blood, cells and glands |
| Description of structure of fibrous proteins? | Consists of long parallel polypeptide chains held together by cross-links and are twisted and tightly bound |
| Description of structure of globular proteins? | Spherical compact shape caused by tightly folded polypeptide chains. Chains are folded with hydrophobic groups on the outside and hydrophilic groups on the inside. |
| Properties of fibrous proteins? | Form strong, long rope-like fibres |
| Properties of globular proteins? | Soluble in water and compact |
| Function of fibrous proteins? | Provides structural support |
| Function of globular proteins? | Transport oxygen |
| What 3 things can denature a protein? | Change in... •Temperature •pH •Salt concentration |
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