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Description
Flashcards by angeline martin, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by angeline martin
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Antagonisic | Acting in opposition |
| electrolyte | electrical charge in solution especially sodium, potasium and calcium |
| Glucagon | storage form of glucose - produces by pancratic alpha cells |
| Insulin | remove sugar from the blood by enabling cells to use glucose promoting storage in certain tissues as gycogen- produced by the pancreas beta cells |
| glucose | 1. simple sugar - also called monosaccaride it is the end part of carbohydrate digestion 2. primary source of energy 3. saccharide- one of a series of carbs, including sugar |
| sympathomimetic | mimics sympathetic nervous system |
| Hormones | chemical messengers |
| Target of a hormone | structure, organ, or tissue on which a hormone exerts its specific event |
| idiopathic | pertaining to an unknown particular disease |
| mimic | imitation of a certain effect |
| metabolism | all chemical reactants in the body |
| steroid hormones | hormones made of fat soluble organic compound (all are colesterol) are secreted by "3" steroid glands; adrenal cortex, testes and ovaries and placenta |
| Pituitary Hormones (Anterior) Master Gland | (ACTH)- adrenocorticotropic- (FSH)- sollicle stimulating hormone- (GH) growth hormone- (LH) luteinizing hormone- Prolactin (PRL)- TSH thyroid stimulating hormone - |
| Pituitary Gland (Posterior) Master Gland | (ADH)- anti-diuretic hormone - Oxytocin |
| Adrenal corticotropic (ACTH) Target or function and Disorder | Function- Promotes section of corticosteroids especially cortisol Hypo= is rare Hyper= cushings disease |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Target- Function- Disorder | Target- Females = Ovaries stimulates egg production - Males= Testes- sperm production Hypo- failure of sexual maturation Hyper- has no significant effects |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | Target -Regulates growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues - increase fats for energy Hypo- during childhood or puberty- dwarfism Hyper- during childhood causes gigantism- during adult acromegaly |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | Ovaries- ovulation- production of estrogen and progesterone - Testes- secretion of testosterone Hypo-causes poor lactation- causes failure of sexual maturation Hyper- has no known significance |
| Prolactin (PRL) | Target- breast in conjunction with other hormones, promotes lactation Hyper-excessive secretion of milk (galactorrhea) |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Target and Disorders | Target- regulation of calcium in the blood- secretion of thyroid hormones T3, T4 Hyper- in infants causes creatinism- in adults causes myxedema Hyper - Graves disease Target 2- Calcitonin reglulates calcium levels in blood- child changes size, mass in bones- adult hypocalemic agent |
| Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) (posterior pituitary gland hormone) | Kidney- increases water re-absorption (water returns to the blood) |
| Oxytocin Posterior Pituitary Hormone | Uterus- stimulates contractions; initiates labor - breast- promotes breast secretion from the mammary glands Hypo or hyper- Unknown |
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | Target: Bones- re-absorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood - kidney-absorption of calcium and phosphate excretions- small Intestines- absorption of calcium and phosphate Hypo= tetany Hyper= osteitis fibrosa cystica |
| Adrenocorticotropic ACTH | -Minerealocorticoid- electrolytes -Aldosterone-sodium and water retention-blood K+ loss- Glucocorticoids- anti inflammatory Gonadcorticoids- testosterone and sex drive adrenal medulla (fight or flight)- adreneline, epinepherine, norepinepherine Hyper= cushings = buffalo hump, hypokalemia Hypo= Addisons confusion hyperkalemia |
| Pancreas- Glucagon Target and disorder | Glucagon- liver and blood conversion of glycogen into glucose int he liver(glycogenolysis) and other nutients into glucose in the liver (gluconeogenesis) and releasing glucose into blood (glycogen to glucose) Hypo= cause persistently low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia) |
| Pancreas Insulin Target and Disorder | Tissue cells- lowers blood glucose levels by accelerating glucose transport into cells Hypo - insulin causes diabetes melitus Hyper- insulin causes hyperinsulinism |
| -in | refers to chemical name |
| -oid | a steroid compound; resembles |
| -physis | growth or nourishment |
| cortic/o | cortex or bark |
| -uria | urine |
| natr/o | sodium |
| adem/o | gland |
| Tropic Tropin | stimulate or turning |
| di | double |
| lact/o | milk |
| anti | against |
| adren/o adena/o | adrenal gland |
| calc/o | calcium |
| crin/o | secrete |
| gluc/o glyc/o glycos/o | sugar, sweetness |
| home/o | same/ alike |
| Kal/i | potassium (an electrolyte) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| thym/o | thymus |
| pro | before; or in from of |
| oxy | sharp and quick |
| andr/o | man |
| Thyr/o Thyroid/o | Thyroid gland |
| toxic/o | poison |
| -crine | secrete |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| -gen | origin |
| -toxic | pertaining to poison |
| -uria | urine |
| eu | good, normal |
| exo- | outside, outward |
| hyper- | excessive, above normal |
| hypo | under or below |
| poly | many, much |
| acromegaly | chronic metabolic disorder thickening of bones- extremity enlargement |
| diuresis | Increased formation and secretion of urine |
| glycosuria | Abnormal amount of glucose in the urine |
| graves disease | autoimmune disorder caused by hyper-thyroidism- eyes bulging |
| hirsutism | excessive distribution of body hair; especially in women |
| hypercalcemia | too much calcium in the blood |
| hyperkalemia | too much potassium in the blood |
| hypervolemia | abnormal increase of volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the lymphatic fluid) in the body |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by hypo and hyper conditions |
| creatinism | hyposecretion of thyroxin (T4) in infants and can lead to sever physical and mental retardation |
| pan hypopituitaryism | total pituitary impairment, brings on a progressive loss of all hormonal activity |
| hyponaturemia | lower than normal sodium level in the blood |
| insulinoma | tumor of the pancreas that makes the insulin and glucagon |
| Obesity | excessive accumulation of fat 20% above normal body weight |
| Morbid Obesity | 100 lbs over ideal body weight |
| pheochromocytoma | small chromaffin cell tumor usually located in the adrenal medulla causing elevated heart rate and blood |
| Thyroid Storm | uncontrolled hypothyroidism- thyroid crisis or thyroidtoxic crisis - increases metobolic change in heart |
| virilism | masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman |
| virile | masculine characteristics of a man |
| enuresis | uncontrolled, involuntary discharge of urine- bed wetting |
| gestational diabetes | diabetes during pregnancy |
| diabetes ketoacidosis | life threatening complication of DM. occurs when the body cannot use sugar- glucose as a fuel because there is no insulin or not enough. Fat is used for fuel instead of by producing of fat breakdown called dytones and produces ketosis (increase level of keytones in the blood) build up causes increased acid also called diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma |
| exophthalmometry | measurement of how far the eye balls stick out |
| parathyroidectomy | excision of one or more of the thyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism |
| transsphenoidal hyophysectomy | endoscopic procedure to remove a pituitary tumor through and incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue |
| Thymectomy | excision of thymus gland |
| pinealectomy | excision of pineal glandThyroid |
| Myxedema | severe hypothyroidism- dermalogical changes |
| thyroidectomy | excision and removal of part or all of the thyroid gland |
| fasting blood sugar | measures glucose levels in the blood, following a fasting of at least 8 hours |
| glucose tolerance test | screening in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood |
| Insulin tolerance test | test that measure the body's response to low blood sugar level caused by administering insulin in a vein- it determines the levels of cortisol and GH made in response to the low blood sugar |
| Thyroid Function Test | Measures levels of TSH,T4 and T3 |
| Total Calcium Test | test that measures calcium in blood to detect bone and parathyroid disorders |
| CT Scan | imaging technique that rotates and x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays for different angles |
| MRI- magnetic resonance imaging | imaging using radio waves and a strong magnetic field rather than and x-ray beam, to produce a cross sectional image |
| radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) | administration of radioactive iodine as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up (uptake) iodine from he blood |
| Thyroid scan | Images of thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intravenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine |
| Antidiuretics | reduce or control excretion of urine |
| antithyroids | treat hypertension by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormones |
| Corticoids | replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency (Addisons) disease |
| growth hormone replacement | increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults |
| insulins | lowers blood glucose, promotes its entrance into body cells and converts glucose to glycogen |
| oral antidiabetics | treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin |
| Thyroid supplements | replace or supplement thyroid hormones |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ADH | Anti diuretic hormone |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DKA | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| DM | Diabetes Mellitus |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| FSH | Follicle stimulating hormone |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| K | Potassium (electrolyte) |
| LH | Luteinizing hormone |
| PRL | Prolactin |
| PTH | Parathyroid Hormone |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | Thyroxine |
| TFT | Thyroid Function Test |
| TSH | Thyroid Stimulating hormone |
| BMR | Base Metabolic Rate |
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