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Adam Hoyle English 83 cards

Cards in this deck (83)

  1. 1What is an algorithm?A sequence of steps followed to complete a task.
  2. 2What is the difference between an algorithm and a computer system?An algorithm can be other things not just in a computer program and a computer system is only the computer
  3. 3What is decompositionBreaking down a problem into sub problems to make it easier to complete
  4. 4What is meant by the term abstraction?Removing the unnecessary information from a problem and keeping the important stuff.
  5. 5What does the square mean in flowcharts?Process function
  6. 6What is the diamond?Decision
  7. 7What is the parrelelelelelegramInput/Output
  8. 8Oval?Start/end
  9. 9What is pseudo code?Language used by all coders which means the same thing as the real coding but is in a simplistic text.
  10. 10Why are some algorithms more efficient than others for solving a given problem?Less code may have to be executed making one more efficient than the other
  11. 11How does linear and binary search algorithms work?Linear search goes through every number and checks it whilst binary search half the number and compares, repetition of this makes searching faster and more efficient
  12. 12Compare linear and binary search algorithmsLinear algorithms take the longest but are the simplest however binary search is the quickest but is more complicated.
  13. 13How do merge and bubble sorts work?Bubble sort is the comparison of value 1 and 2 and switching if necessary. This is repeated until the order is complete. A merge sort breaks up values into smaller problems (decomposition) and solves them as a quicker more efficient method.
  14. 14Compare merge sort and bubble sortMerge sort is the quickest and most efficient but most complicated and bubble sort takes the longest but the simplest.
  15. 15What is a data type?Is the piece of data in a program/code eg string, variable etc
  16. 16Explain the difference between integer, real/float, Boolean, Character and string data types.Integer is a whole number, real/float includes decimals aswell as integer, boolean is true or false, character is a letter and string is used to hold characters, integers etc.
  17. 17Why do programs use variables and constants?In order for the option to edit data or to not edit data.
  18. 18What base is decimal represented in?Base 10
  19. 19What base is binary represented in?Base 2
  20. 20What base is hexidecimal represented in?Base 16
  21. 21How do computers represent all data?In binary form
  22. 22Why is hexidecimal used in computer science?Easier input
  23. 23Convert 168 to binary and then hexidecimal10101000 and A8
  24. 24What is a byte and what is the units?group of 8 bits and units are B
  25. 25Fill the gap giga-....gigabyte
  26. 26Add 10101010 and 1000000010101010
    10000000
    +____________
    100101010
  27. 27What is A in ascii?97 01100001
  28. 28What is a in ascii?65 01000001
  29. 29What is unicode and why was it introduced?32 bit instead of 7 bit ascii, used for more languages and characters , even the introduction of emojis.
  30. 30What is ascii and why was it introduced?For the introduction of characters like "?" and capital letters etc. It is 7 bit and includes all letters - capital and lowercase.
  31. 31What is a pixel?Picture element
  32. 32How are images represented bitmaps?Bitmaps are represented by 1s and 0s (black or white).
  33. 33What is colour depth?Colour depth is the amount of bits needed to representa colour eg 1 = black 0 = white
    1 bit has been used appose to 10 = black = 2 bits used.
  34. 34How do you work out file size (bits)?width x height x colour depth or pixels x colour depth
  35. 35How do you work out file size (bytes)?width x height x colour depth
    ______________________________
    8
  36. 36What is the units for sound?Hertz Hz
  37. 37What happens if the sample rate is higher?The sound quality is higher
  38. 38What is sample resolution?Number of bits per sample
  39. 39What is sample rate?Number of samples taken
  40. 40How to calculate size of a sound file given length, sampling rate and sampling resolution?length x sampling rate x sampling resolution
  41. 41How can data be compressed using Huffman encoding?Using larger amount of bits to represent the less common characters and less amount of bits to represent more common characters
  42. 42What is Run length encoding?Changing pieces of data like ffffgggghhhh into 4f4g4h
  43. 43How is run length encoding used to compress data?Less bits used to represent data
  44. 44Define hardwarePhysical components of the pc
  45. 45Define softwareComponents inside of the pc
  46. 46What is a truth table?Table which shows whether a current etc can pass through a certain gate
  47. 47What is system software?Is the components in a computer like operating system and utilities
  48. 48What is application software?Software in the computer which was downloaded eg word, browsers, games etc
  49. 49Function of utility programs?To protect the pc and operating system eg antivirus
  50. 50Function of operating system?Manage resources, control applications and establish user interface
  51. 51What is von neumann architecture?Basic design of a pc with inputs and outputs
  52. 52What is the role of main memory?Quick access for data.
  53. 53Explain the fetch and executeControl unit (CU) fetches the data from the ram and decodes it. This is then taken to the Arithmatic logic unit (ALU) to be executed and finally stored back into the ram.
  54. 54What is a bus?Which data is carried in eg the information from the ram is transferred to the CU via a bus.
  55. 55What is a clock and what is it measured in?Used to synchronise things from 0-1.
    1 clock cycle = 0 changing to 1
    Measured in Hertz Hz
  56. 56How is the CPU structured?CU , ALU , RAM etc
  57. 57How does Clock speed affect performance of CPU?Faster the clock speed , faster the rate of processing. Faster instructions are processed.
  58. 58How does number of cores affect performance of a CPU?The more cores means the faster data can be processed and the more data that can be processed.
  59. 59How does cache size affect the performance of a CPU?Bigger the cache size , more data can be held.
  60. 60How does cache type affect the performance of a CPU?3 types of cache, L1 , L2 and L3. L1 holds the least but is the fastest as it is closest to the CPU, and L3 is the slowest but can hold the most data.
  61. 61What is RAM?Random access memory
    Quick to access but volatile (loses data when turned off) and can be written to to be changed.
  62. 62What is ROM?Read Only Memory
    Used to store important things like BIOS which loads operating software. Non volatile (no data is lost when turned off) and cannot be written to. Used to store important data for a long time.
  63. 63What is main memory?Fastest most obtainable storage controlled by CPU eg RAM
  64. 64What is secondary storage?Long term storage needed to hold operating system eg hard drive and ROM, it is non volatile so it doesnt lose info when turned off.
  65. 65How do magnetic storages work and give adv and dis?Magnetically secured to something eg Hard drive. Advantages are that is it fast access speeds and lots of storage space. Disadvantages are that it is not reliable and can lose data easily or be affected by magnetic waves etc.
  66. 66How do optical storages work and give adv and dis?Normally laser read eg DVD. Advantages are that it is cheap and easy to transport however disadvantages are that they are damaged easily and dont store as much.
  67. 67How do solid state storages work and give adv and dis?Data stored electronically eg ssd card(solid state). Advantages are that they have fast access speeds and are small but are more expensive and hold less storage.
  68. 68What is cloud storage?Off site storage , connected with wifi on a database available all around the world where there is wifi.
  69. 69Compare cloud storage to local storageLocal storage can be lost if the pc is lost and can only be accessed with 1 pc whilst cloud storage can be accessed anywhere with wifi availability and is faster in some cases.
  70. 70What is an embedded system and give an example.Systems normally controlled by the pc which are normally for specific requirements eg. printer.
  71. 71What is a non embedded system and give an example.Opposite , normally not controlled by pc eg keyboard.
  72. 72What is an assignment operator and give and example?Connects to things eg "="
  73. 73What is sequencing?List of instructions in a correct order
  74. 74What is Iteration?Repetition of a program to execute and instruction.
  75. 75What is selection?Allow for a decision to be made eg If statements.
  76. 76What are subroutines and why are they used?Subroutines are ways of creating your own variables by defining new ones eg def mynewvariable etc they are used to shorten coding and make it easier program.
  77. 77Give and example of definite iteration and indefinitedefinite = UNTIL and indefinite = REPEAT
  78. 78What are arithmetic operators?Operators that allow for different calcuations to happen
  79. 79What does DIV do?Used when dividing to only show integer eg 1 DIV 3 = 0 not 0.3
  80. 80What does MOD do?Used when diving to only show remainder eg 13 MOD 3 = 1 as 3 x4 = 12 and 1 is left.
  81. 81What are relational operators and give examples.Express relationship between 2 things eg < greater than or != not euqal to.
  82. 82What are the BOOLEAN operators?AND NOT AND OR
  83. 83How would you concatenate strings together?print("variable + variable")

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year 10 mocks
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Adam Hoyle
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