Topic 1.4 Biology

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AS level Biology Flashcards on Topic 1.4 Biology , created by Hannah Smith on 04/04/2017.
Hannah Smith
Flashcards by Hannah Smith , updated more than 1 year ago
Hannah Smith
Created by Hannah Smith over 7 years ago
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Question Answer
ACE Inhibitors - anti-hypertensive drugs - reduce synthesis of angiotensin II ( causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels)
Side effects of ACE Inhibitors - dry cough - dizziness (decreased BP) - abnormal heart rhythms - Reduced kidney function
Calcium Channel Blockers - antihypertensive drugs - Block Ca+ channels in muscle cells lining arteries - prevents muscle contraction (insufficient Ca+)
Side Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers - headaches - dizziness - swollen ankles (build up of fluid) - abnormal heart rhythms - flushing red in face - constipation
Diuretics - antihypertensive drugs - increased urine - more salts and fluids expelled - less blood goes through heart - important not to have too much salt in diet when taking them
Side effects of Diuretics - Dizziness - nausea - muscle cramps
Statins - decreases cholesterol - inhibits enzyme involved in LDL production in liver - quickly reduces chance of heart disease and stroke - debated to increase risk of non-vascular causes. No evidence, but long-term trial required
Side Effects of Statins - tiredness -disturbed sleep -feeling sick - vomiting - diarrhoea - headaches - muscle weakness
Diet to reduce CVD risk - low saturated fat - high polyunsaturated fat - low cholesterol - low salt - energy balanced - high non-starch polysaccharides
Non-Starch Polysaccharides - known as soluble fibre - found to lower blood cholesterol
Anticoagulents/ Platelet Inhibiting Drugs - given after heart attack or stroke - platelet inhibitory = aspirin or sometimes clopidogrel if intolerant or ineffective - Anticoagulent = warfin (interferes with vit R)
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