851157
Description
Flashcards by hudsonvilleeagles, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by hudsonvilleeagles
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| a ruler that has unlimited power and authority over his or her people. | absolute monarch |
| the belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God. | divine right |
| King of Spain (as Charles I); Holy Roman emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; his opposition to the Protestant Reformation embroiled Spain in a series of wars throughout his reign. | Charles V (1500-1558) |
| an agreement between states in the Holy Roman Empire that gave each German prince the right to decide whether his state would be Catholic or Protestant (1555) | Peace of Augsburg |
| King of Spain (1556-1598), Naples from (1554-15598), and Portugal (1580-1598); he led Roman Catholic efforts to recover parts of Europe from Protestantism. He was defeated by England and the Netherlands. | Philip II (1527-1598) |
| Greek painter in Spain; chiefly religious in nature, his works express the spirit of the Counter, or Catholic, Reformation. | El Greco (c.1541-1614) |
| Spanish painter; he painted in a realistic style but also worked in impressionism towards the end of his career. | Diego Velazquez (1465-1524) |
| Spanish novelist, dramatist, and poet; he wrote "Don Quixote de la Mancha" | Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) |
| Mexican nun and poet; she wrote poetry, prose, and plays. | Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz (1651-1695) |
| a great fleet (130 ships and 20,000 men) assembled by Spain in 1588 for an invasion of England. | Spanish Armada |
| a French Protestant | Hugeunot |
| August 24, 1572; a massacre of 6,000 to 8,000 Hugeunots in Paris authorized by King Charles IX and his mother Catherine de Medici. | Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
| King of France from 1553-1610; he issued the Edict of Nantes (1598), which permitted Protestant worship, in order to restore peace to France. | Henry IV (1553-1610) |
| a declaration of French king Henry IV in which he promised that Protestants could live peacefully in France and were free to establish houses of worship in selected French cities (1598). | Edict of Nantes |
| King of France from 1610-1643; a relatively weak ruler, he let Cardinal Richelieu, his chief minister, hold great sway during his reign. | Louis XIII (1601-1643) |
| French minister and chief minister of King Louis XIII; he wanted to strengthen the monarchy and fought against Huguenot resistance to the Catholic monarchy. | Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) |
| King of France from 1643-1715; known as the Sun King, he built the palace at Versailles as a means to consolidate absolute power; a series of wars at the end of his long reign drained France's wealth. | Louis XIV (1638-1715) |
| war fought over the Spanish throne; Louis XIV wanted it for his son and fought a war against the Dutch, English, and the Holy Roman Empire to gain the throne for France (1701-1713). | War of the Spanish Succession |
| treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession; it gave the throne to Louis XIV's grandson but also stated that France and Spain would never be ruled by the same monarch. (1713) | Treaty of Utrecht |
| English Protestants of the late 1500s and most of the 1600s who wanted to "purify" the Church of England through reforms. | Puritans |
| King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625-1649; his conflict with Parliament started the English Civil War. He was beheaded in 1649. | Charles I (1600-1649) |
| supporters of government by monarch; used as a name for supporters of England's King Charles I. | Royalists |
| Lord Protector of England; in 1642 he led Parliament's forces in deposing King Charles I; he became ruler of England in 1653. | Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) |
| a republican government based on the common good of all the people. | commonwealth |
| the period of the reign of Charles II in England when the monarchy was restored after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government; there was also a rebirth of English culture during this time. | Restoration |
| King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660-1685 and eldest son of King Charles I; he was asked by Parliament to rule England after the death of Oliver Cromwell. | Charles II (1630-1685) |
| King William III (1650-1702) and Queen Mary II (1662-1694), rulers of Great Britain who replaced King James II as a result of the Glorious Revolution. | William and Mary |
| a nonviolent revolution in which leaders of Britain's Parliament invited Mary, daughter of King James II, and her husband, the Dutch ruler WIlliam of Orange, to replace King James II. | Glorious Revolution |
| a monarchy limited by certain laws. | constitutional monarchy |
| wealthy Russian landowners. | boyars |
| "caesar"; title taken by the ruler of Russia | czar |
| Grand duke of Russia and the first Russian ruler to assume the title of czar; also known as Ivan the terrible. He instituted a campaign of terror against disfavored boyars. He killed his son, leaving no heir to the throne. | Ivan IV (1530-1584) |
| Czar of Russia from 1682-1725; he transformed Russia into a modern state. He was an absolute monarch who brought the ways of Western Europe to Russia and made various reforms. | Peter the Great (1672-1725) |
| the adoption of the culture and ideas of Western society; namely Europe and America | westernization |
| Czarina of Russia from 1762-1796; ruling with absolute power, she introduced a number of reforms that extended Peter the Great's policy of "westernization". | Catherine the Great (1729-1796) |
| a conflict in Europe that began in Prague as a Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire; fought over religion and power among ruling dynasties. (1618-1648) | Thirty Years' War |
| treaty ending the Thirty Years' War; it reduced the power of the Holy Roman Emperor, it extended religious toleration to Protestants and Catholics within most of the empire. (1648) | Treaty of Westphalia |
| Austrian archduchess, queen of Bohemia and Hungary from 1740-1780; she took the throne after the War of the Austrian Succession. She was one of the most beloved monarchs in the history of Austria. | Maria Theresa (1717-1780) |
| King of Prussia from 1740-1786; through victories in a series of wars with Austria, Prussia's main rival for dominance among the German states, Frederick made Prussia a major European power in the late 1700s | Frederick the Great (1712-1786) |
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