Flashcards
AQA Psychology GCSE Social Influence
Cards in this deck (50)
- 1Social InfluenceThe effect other people have on our behaviour. This includes conformity, obedience and
social loafing - 2ConformityA change in a person's behaviour or opinion as the result of group pressure
- 3Asch AimTo see if people could be influenced by others people opinions to give an answer they know to be wrong.
- 4Asch MethodParticipants were shown sets of four lines. For each set, they had to say which line was the same length as the test line. Participants were either tested alone or in groups, where the rest of the group was instructed to give the same wrong answer.
- 5Asch ResultsWhen tested alone, the error rate was less than 1%. When tested in groups, on 32% of trials the participants gave the same wrong answer as the rest of the group. 74% of participants gave at least one wrong answer.
- 6Asch ConclusionParticipants who gave incorrect answers knew their answer was wrong but they did not want to go against the group. This clearly shows conformity.
- 7Normative conformityConforming to someone's behaviour or opinion due to the desire to be liked and accepted
- 8Informative ConformityConforming to someone's behaviour or opinion due to the desire
to be right - 9ObedienceFollowing the orders of someone we believe has authority
- 10Hofling et al AimTo see if people would follow an unreasonable order in their normal work environment.
- 11Hofling et al MethodHe contacted 22 nurses individually be phone claiming to be a doctor and instructed them to give a patient twice the maximum dosage of the drug Astrofen.
- 12Hofling et al ResultsOf the 22, 21 were prepared to follow his orders, despite the maximum dosage being clearly marked on the bottle
- 13Hofling et al ConclusionNurses are likely to obey the instructions of a doctor, even when there may be bad consequences for a patient
- 14Bickman AimHe wanted to know if people will be more likely to obey an order if it came from someone in a uniform
- 15Bickman MethodHe had actors dress as either a security gurd or just in a casual jacket. They both asked people sitting in a park to pick up litter
- 16Bickman Results80% of people obeyed the "guard" compared to 40% when the actor wasn't wearing a uniform.
- 17Bickman ConclusionWearing a uniform will increase the sense that a person is a legitimate authority figure
- 18Reasons for Obedience-Socialisation
-Legitimate authority
-Buffers
-Not feeling Responsible
-Gradual commitment - 19SocialisationThe way we are raised to behave and the things we are taught to accept as normal
- 20DeindividuatingThe sense of losing your sense of individuality and becoming less aware of our own responsibility for our actions
- 21Zimbardo AimTo see if people in a big city behave in a more antisocial way than people in a small town
- 22Zimbardo MethodHe parked a car in New York City and in Palo Alto with it's hood up as if it had been broken down and observed what people did as they passed by.
- 23Zimbardo ResultsIn New York City people immediately began stealing parts of the car. Within two weeks there was very little left. In Palo Alto, the only time the car was touched was when someone lowered the bonnet to stop the engine getting wet when it was raining
- 24Zimbardo ConclusionDeindividuation caused by living in a big city leads to an increase in
anti-social behaviour. - 25Factors affecting Deindividuation-Anonymity
-Wearing a uniform
-Being part of a gang or clearly identifiable group - 26Social LoafingPutting less effort into doing something when you are with others who are doing the same thing
- 27Earley AimTo see if culture has an influence on social loafing
- 28Earley MethodParticipants from the US and China had to complete tasks alone and in groups. The level of social loafing was measured by how much effort was put into the task in each condition by the participant.
- 29Earley ResultsThe American participants reduced the amount of effort they put into the task when they were in groups but the Chinese didn't.
- 30Earley ConclusionSocial Loafing does not exist in all cultures. In some cultures, people are prepared just as hard for the good of the whole group, even when they don't need to.
- 31Factors that affect Social Loafing-The size of the group
-Nature of the task
-Culture - 32Latane and Darley AimTo see if people are less likely to react in an emergency when there are others present.
- 33Latane and Darley MethodThey had participants sit in a room either alone or in threes while completing a questionnaire. While they were doing this smoke began pouring into the room
- 34Latane and Darley Results75% of Participants sitting alone went to tell someone about the smoke within 6 minutes. Whereas only 38% of those in groups of threes did.
- 35Latane and Darley ConclusionIf there are other people around you, it will make it less likely that you will react in an emergency
- 36Diffusion of ResponsibilityIn a group of people there is less need for the individual to act because someone else who is present could also do something
- 37Piliavin AimTo see if the appearance of a victim would influence
helping behaviour. - 38Piliavin MethodHe had an actor pretend to collapse in a train carriage. His appearance was altered several times, and the amount of help he received each time was recorded by an observer
- 39Piliavin ResultsWith a walking stick, he received help within 70 s 90% of the time. With an ugly facial scar, this dropped to 60%. When he appeared drunk, it dropped to 20%
- 40Piliavin ConclusionThe appearance of the person needing help will affect whether and how quickly they get that help
- 41EmpathyBeing able to put yourself into someone else's position psychologically and understand how that person is feeling
- 42Bystander ApathyDoing nothing in an emergency when someone else is in need of help
- 43Batson et al AimTo discover if the similarity of the victim to the bystander will affect whether or not they receive help.
- 44Batson et al MethodParticipants watched a woman who they thought was receiving electric shocks. Each participant was made to think the woman was either like them or not like them. They were then given the opportunity to take the woman's place to stop her suffering.
- 45Batson et al ResultsMore participants were prepared to take the place of the woman they thought to be similar to themselves
- 46Batson et al ConclusionPeople are more likely to offer help to someone they feel is similar to themselves in some way, than to someone they cannot relate to. This is because we feel greater empathy for people like ourselves
- 47Schroeder et al AimTo explore different reasons for bystanders not helping
- 48Schroeder at al MethodThey studied the findings and conclusions from many previous pieces of research.
- 49Schroeder et al ResultsThey were able to provide an alternative explanation for bystander apathy
- 50Schroeder et al ConclusionBystanders are distressed and concerned about victims, but when other people are present, they believe that someone else is more capable of helping
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- All you need to know for the social influence unit. Good luck =)
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- Natalia Cliff
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