8853658
Description
Flashcards by Kaitlyn McSweeney, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kaitlyn McSweeney
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The process of copying DNA | DNA Replication |
| What structural features of the double helix are important for DNA replication? | Double helix made of two DA strands built from nucleotides; adenine hydrogen bonds with thymine and guanine hydrogen bonds with cytosine; two DNA strands in double helix have antiparallel alignment |
| DNA synthesized as one "complete" strand | Continuous synthesis |
| The strand synthesized continuously | Leading strand |
| DNA synthesized in pieces | Discontinuous synthesis |
| The strand synthesized discontinuously | Lagging strand |
| The pieces of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand are 1000-2000 nucleotides long and each contains an RNA primer | Okazaki fragments |
| Double-stranded DNA is half conserved following replication (half old, half new) | Semiconservative model |
| The "Y" shaped region of a DNA molecule that is being replicated; parental DNA strands have separated and new daughter strand being made | Replication fork |
| Sequences essential to origin of replication | Contains AT-rich region, DnaA box sequences, GATC methylation sites |
| Order of events at origin of replication | DnaA proteins bind to each other and to box sequences which cause AT-rich region to separate; DnaA and DnaC proteins recruit DnaB, a helicase, to the origin, breaks H bonds between nitrogenous bases, creates single-stranded DNA; Single-stranded binding proteins bind to and stabilize ssDNA; DNA gyrase relieves "supercoiling" by making cuts in DNA backbone and then resealing the breaks; primase synthesizes an RNA primer using DNA as a template; DNA polymerase III adds dNTPs to the 3' end of the primer and elongates new DNA strand |
| Enzyme that links together Okazaki fragments on DNA lagging strand | DNA Ligase |
| RNA Primers removed and replaced with dNTPs by this enzyme | DNA Polymerase I |
| Topoisomerase jobs (3) | Pack DNA into cell and supercoil; relieve supercoiling ahead of replication forks; untangle new and old DNA |
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