GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

Finlay Boyle English 5.0Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating) 59 cards

B1 Flashcards

Cards in this deck (59)

  1. 1HealthyFree of infections or diseases
  2. 2FitnessMeasure of how well you perform physical tasks. (Strength, speed, agility, flexibility and stamina)
  3. 3What is blood pressure?Measured in mmHg (mm of mercury) and is influenced by different factors.
  4. 4Define Systolic PressurePressure when the heart contracts. This is the highest point.
  5. 5Diastolic PressurePressure when the heart reaches diastole and relaxes. This is the lowest point.
  6. 6What factors affect blood pressure?Smoking, weight, alcohol consumption and persistent stress over a period of time.
  7. 7What are the effects of high blood pressure?It can cause blood vessels to burst which can cause strokes and brain damage as well as kidney damage.
  8. 8What are the effects of low blood pressure?Feeling lightheaded, poor circulation and fainting.
  9. 9PlaqueA build up of cholesterol in arteries caused by eating too many saturated fats. Leads to high blood pressure.
  10. 10What is the risk caused by narrow arteries?It can lead to a heart attack because the coronary arteries become narrowed and heart does not receive oxygen and nutrients.
  11. 11What are the six essential nutrients?Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins and minerals. (+ fibre)
  12. 12What are fats and where are they stored?They are fatty acids and glycerol. They are stored as adipose tissue around organs and under the skin.
  13. 13Why is protein shortage a problem in developing countries?As the supply-and-demand rate changes rapidly, not enough protein-rich food can be made to prevent diseases such as kwashiorkor. The lack of food, money and infrastructure affect production.
  14. 14What is the formula for EAR?EAR (g) = 0.6 x Mass (kg)
  15. 15What are two main psychological disorders which affect food consumption?Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
  16. 16What is the formula for BMI?BMI = Mass (kg) / Height^2 (m)
  17. 17What are the four types of pathogens?Fungi, viruses, bacteria and protozoa.
  18. 18What is a vector?It is an organism which carries a disease without being affected by it. For example, mosquitoes are vectors of malaria.
  19. 19What are the three ways that the immune system deals with pathogens?Production of anti-toxins, ingestion and production of antibodies.
  20. 20How are antibodies produced?Foreign antigens on the pathogen are identified. Immune system begins creating antibodies to bind to antigen and disable the pathogen. Antibody is stored in memory cells for later use.
  21. 21How do vaccinations work?A dead or weakened pathogen is injected into the body. The immune system can easily make antibodies which are stored in case of real infection.
  22. 22Active ImmunityBody makes its own antibodies.
    Happens either naturally or artificially (vaccines)
    Permanent immunity
  23. 23Passive ImmunityAntibodies are made by a different organism.
    e.g. A mother passes antibodies through breast feeding. This is temporary.
  24. 24AntibioticsDrugs which kill bacterial pathogens without harming body cells.
    If the course is not finished, it leads to antibiotic strains e.g. MRSA
  25. 25AntiviralsTreat viral infections by preventing them from reproducing.
  26. 26BenignTumour which does not spread.
    Non-harmful
  27. 27MalignantTumour which spreads.
    Harmful and potentially fatal.
  28. 28DepressantsDecrease brain activity. Slows nervous system. This happens by them binding to receptors in the synapse which prevents neurotransmitters attaching to the neuron.
    e.g. Alcohol
  29. 29StimulantsIncrease brain activity. Speed up nervous system.
    e.g. Caffeine
  30. 30PainkillersReduces stimuli at receptors.
    e.g. Paracetamol
  31. 31Performance EnhancersAid in muscle building.
    e.g. Anabolic steroids
  32. 32HallucinogensDistort senses.
    e.g. LSD
  33. 33What are the effects of smoking?Heart disease
    Cancer (throat, mouth, lungs)
    Smoker's cough
    Low Weight Babies
  34. 34How does carbon monoxide increase blood pressure?Binds to red blood cells. Heart has to pump harder to ensure all cells receive enough oxygen.
  35. 35Label the eye.Source: BBCLabel the eye.Label the eye.
  36. 36Cones and RodsCones are colour sensitive and only work in reasonable light. ([C]one for [C]olour)
    Rods work in dim light but aren't colour sensitive
  37. 37What happens when looking at distant objects?Ciliary muscles relax
    Suspensory ligaments tighten
    Lens is less rounded - less refraction
  38. 38What happen when looking at nearby objects?Ciliary muscles contract
    Suspensory ligaments slacken
    Lens is more rounded - more refraction
  39. 39What mirror types correct which type of sight problems?Long-sighted - Convex lens
    Short-sighted - Concave lens
  40. 40What is the pathway of a traditional CNS response?Stimulus --> Receptor --> Sensory Neurone --> CNS --> Motor Neurone --> Effector --> Response
  41. 41What is the pathway of a reflex response?Stimulus --> Receptor --> Sensory Neurone --> Relay Neurone --> Motor Neurone --> Effector --> Response
    (Relay Neurone replaces CNS)
  42. 42ReflexInvoluntary actions designed to happen rapidly without thinking to protect the body.
  43. 43Label a neuroneSource: BBC
    Missing label is the myelinated sheath which covers the axon.    Label a neurone
  44. 44HomeostatisMaintaining a constant internal environment despite external environment changes through the use of negative feedback.
  45. 45Give 3 things that are controlled by HomeostatisCO₂ Levels
    Glucose Levels
    Water Levels
    Temperature
  46. 46Negative FeedbackSource: BBC
    Measures enacted due to changes from the norm in the body.    Negative Feedback
  47. 47Give 3 corrective measures enacted when the body is too hot.Flat hairs
    Vasodilation
    Sweating
  48. 48Give 3 corrective measures enacted when the body is too cold.Standing hairs
    Vasoconstriction
    Shivering
  49. 49What does insulin do?Makes the liver convert excess glucose into glycogen.
  50. 50What is the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?Type 1 - Pancreas creates little/no insulin. Requires insulin therapy injections.
    Type 2 - Resistance to insulin. Controlled by dieting.
  51. 51AuxinA plant hormone which controls growth of the tips of shoots and roots. Stimulates the cell elongation from the tip backwards.
    Inhibits root growth; stimulates tip growth.
  52. 52PhototropismGrows towards light
    Positive - Shoot
    Negative - Root
  53. 53GeotropismGrows towards gravity
    Positive - Root
    Negative - Shoot
  54. 54What happens to the shaded side of a shoot?More auxin accumulates which stimulates growth. This causes curving towards the light.
  55. 55Give 3 commercial uses of plant hormonesSelective Weedkillers
    Rooting Powder
    Ripening Fruit (at select times)
    Dormancy Control
  56. 56Order by size: Gene, DNA, Nucleus, Chromosome, CodonNucleus --> Chromosome --> Gene --> DNA --> Codon
    (Codon is a three base pairs which form an amino acid when synthesised)
  57. 57How many chromosomes are found in a normal human cell?46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
  58. 58GameteA sex cell containing half of the genetic information. Leads to variation.
  59. 59Name 3 genetic disordersCystic Fibrosis
    Sickle Cell Anaemia
    Red-Green Colour Blindness

Information

Description
Flashcards on B1 Flashcards, created by Finlay Boyle on 09/05/2017.
Created by
Finlay Boyle
Views
99
Rating
Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating)

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?