Flashcards
Science Exam: Chemistry
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1AnionAn atom that gains an electron and therefore becomes negatively charged
- 2Atom- building blocks of matter
-a particle that wants its outermost layer to have eight electrons
(Octet Rule) - 3Atomic Mass-the number of protons and neutrons
- 4Cation- when an atom gains a proton and becomes positive
- 5Chemical Change- when two substances combine to form a new substance
- 6Compound- a pure substance composed of two or more different atoms
- 7Covalent Bond- a bond that occurs due to the sharing of electrons by two atoms
- 8Dot Diagram- used to show the number of valence electrons in an atom
- 9Double Bond-a chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
- 10Triple Bond- the strongest type of bond
- 11Endothermic- chemical reaction where heat is absorbed
- something that will bring heat in or use heat up - 12Energy levels-may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus
- 13Enzymes-A protein molecule that helps other organic molecules enter into chemical reactions with one another but is itself unaffected by these reactions
- 14Exothermic-an exothermic reaction releases heat
- 15How are chemical reactions altered?- temperature, state of matter, and the mixing process can effect a chemical reaction
- 16HOW do chemicals react?-when the molecules within an atom "rearrange" and cause either a physical or chemical change
- 17Ionic bond-a bond between ions and involves the transfer of electrons
- 18Law of conservation of mass-this law says mass is never created or destroyed, it is just moved around
- 19Metals- have a high chemical reaction
-form cations when compounds of it are in solution
-usually shiny, very dense, and only melt at high temperatures
-Heat and electricity travel easily through metals - 20Molecule-a group of atoms bonded together
-the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction - 21Noble gases-group 18 on the PT
-they are all odorless, colorless, with very low chemical reactivity
-nonreactive because they have a full outer shell(8) so they don't need any valence electrons - 22Non metals- can form anions
-have the opposite properties of metals
- bad thermal and electrical conductors
-Brittle solids - not malleable or ductile
-barely any luster(shininess)
- gain electrons easily - 23Non-polar bond-a bond due to the sharing of electrons by two atoms who share the electrons equally
- 24Physical change-any change in matter that involves the substance going from one physical state to another(i.e liquid to solid)
- 25Polar bond- a bond due to the sharing of electrons by two atoms who do not share the electrons equally
- 26Products-formed from chemical reactions
- 27Reactants-a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction
- 28Single bonds- the weakest type of bond
- 29Valence electrons- the Octet rule states that every atom wants eight valence electrons in its outer shell
-an electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond - 30WHY do chemicals react?- because they all want to have eight valence electrons