Flashcards
Speech Perception
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1What are the challenges of speech perception?- Distributed in time
- Variable
- Fuzzy
- Not segmented - 2Speech is variable across different talkers...Physiology, accent, dynamics, speaking style and rate
- 3SpectrogramA way to visualise speech by showing wave form information of amplitude and frequency
- 4FormantResonances in the vocal tract
- 5Speech is variable across different words...- Phenomenon of coarticulation: sounds run
- Formant transitions: sweep
- Place assimilation: smark card - 6Speech is variable within the same talkerLittle words in different contexts
- 7What are the two challenges?1: Lack of invariance problem
2: Segmentation problem - 8Davis et al. (2005)Perceptual pop out: undegraded first
- 9Ganong (1980)Ganong effect: lexical context allows us to hear synthetic and ambiguous phonemes as a real word
- 10Warren & Warren (1970)Phoneme restoration effect: unaware of meaningless sound
- 11Kalikow et al. (1977)Presented listeners with sentences with background noise
Either HP or LP
HP - recognise word more easily - 12Sumby & Pollack (1954)Hearing individuals also make use of lip reading cues esp in noisy environments
- 13McGurk & MacDonald (1976)See 'ga', hear 'ba' brain interprets as da
- 14Saffran et al. (1996)8mo
bidakupagotigolabubidaku
probable word boundaries
Infants attended more to 'words' than nonword - 15Cutler & Butterfield (1992)Stress on 2nd syllable
'Conduct ascends uphill'
Took position of stress as start of words
'The doctor sends the bill' - 16Douxpoux et al. (1997)French is a fixed stress language
Not sensitive to lexical-stress information - 17Broca (1861)Speech production: inferior frontal gyrus - left hemisphere
- 18Wernicke (1874)Speech perception: superior temporal gyrus in left hemisphere
- 19Broca (1865)Deficits to right hemisphere did not lead to similar speech production problems seen in LeBorgne - tan
- 20What speech features are seen in Broca's aphasia?- Effortful speech
- Telegraphic: 'give water' 'boy falls'
- Agrammatic: lacks function words, connecting words - 21Carmazza & Zurif (1976)Difficult to understand reversible sentences
The girl pushed the woman
The girl was pushed by the woman - 22What are the speech features of Wernicke's aphasia?- Speech is fluent
- Semantically empty
-Like jargon
- Poor speech comprehension
- Not specific to auditory speech e.g. sign language
- Amodal comprehension/semantic deficit? - 23What is the problem with taking a syndromic approach to these disorders?- Dependent on accidents: highly variable
- Strokes follow vascular not functional anatomy
- Affects white matter too - links brain regions
- Different brain damage leads to different severity of damage - 24What does the neuroimaging of health brains allow?- Allows study of function in intact brain
- Anatomical tool
- BOLD level = DV
- Investigation of functional-anatomical networks in the brain - 25Functional MRIDifference in activation between 2 brain states at a certain statistical threshold
Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood have different paramagnetic properties
Speaking > rest - 26Wise et al. (1991)Listening to pseudo words activated both hemispheres
What is rest? - 27Scott et al. (2000)Speech perception and PET
Varying intelligibility
Speech, Vco, RSp, RVCo
Understanding = Sp + VCo
Not = RSp + RVCo
Left anterior STS
RH = dynamic pitch (Sp + RSp) - 28Scott (2005)Found parallels with non-human primates
- 29Calvert et al. (2000)Visual information using fMRI
A, V, A+V, AV congruent, AV congruent
- Left posterior superior temporal sulcus exhibited significant supra-additive response (A+V C)
- Not specific to speech - 30Obleser et al. (2007)Sentence predictability on processing of degraded speech
Altered semantic predictability and noise vocoding intelligibility
- HP = greatest comprehension when high degradation
- Bottom up effects: increased signal with an increase in sentence intelligibility
- Left lateralised responses to increased predictability
- Higher order cortical area facilitated
: PCG, L angular gyrus, medial and L lateral PFC
- Wide range of brain regions
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- Language, Communication and Thought (PS3022) Flashcards on Speech Perception, created by Eleni Blakemore on 15/05/2017.
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- Eleni Blakemore
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