89844
Description
Flashcards by hannah.lindridge, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by hannah.lindridge
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The nucleus | Control's cells activities |
| Nuclear envelope | Double membrane surrounding nucleus. Outer membrane continuous with ER often with ribosomes on surface. Controls entry and exit of materials. |
| Nuclear pores | Allow passage of large molecules e.g messenger RNA. |
| Nucleoplasm | In granular jelly-like materials which makes up bulk of nucleus |
| Chromatin | DNA found within nucleoplasm. The diffuse form that chromosomes take up when cells are not dividing. |
| Nucleolus | Small spherical body within nucleoplasm. Manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes. |
| Functions of nucleus | Control centre of cell. Retain genetic material. Manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes. |
| Mitochondria | Rod-shaped |
| Double membrane | Surrounds organelle. Outer membrane controls entry and exit of material. Inner membrane folded into extensions (cristae) |
| Cristae | Some extend across whole mitochondria. Provide ^SA for attachment of enzymes involved in respiration. |
| Matrix | Semi-rigid material containing proteins, lipids and traces of DNA. Allow mitochondria to control production of own proteins. Enzymes in respiration found here. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Elaborate 3D system of sheet-like membranes spreading through cytoplasm of cells. 2 types of ER |
| Rouph Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | Ribosomes present on outer surface: ^ SA for protein synthesis Provides pathway for transport of materials |
| Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER) | Lacks ribosomes & more tubular in appearance: Synthesise, store, transport lipids ","," carbohydrates |
| Golgi Apparatus | Proteins and lipids produced by SER passed through here in strict sequence. Golgi modifies proteins. Then transported in vesicles |
| Function of GA | Add carbohydrate to proteins (glycoproteins) Produce secretory enzymes Transport, modify, store lipids Form lysosomes |
| Lysosomes | Break down material ingested by phagocytic cells. Release enzymes to destroy material around cell Digest worn out organelles Break down cell after death |
| Ribosomes | 80's type- found in eukaryotic cells 70's type- found in prokaryotic cells |
| Microvilli | Finger-like projections of cell which ^SA to allow more efficient absorption. |
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