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Flashcards

IT 1/2 Topic 6 onwards

Ben Renwick English 200 cards

- What does EFTPOS stand for? - What is this? (Customer - store) bank account

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1What are the disadvantages of on-line shopping to customers?What are the disadvantages of on-line shopping to customers?
  2. 2What are the disadvantages of on-line shopping to companies?What are the disadvantages of on-line shopping to companies?
  3. 3In terms of data entry, what is; - OCR - OMR-- OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is the technology that allows the text on paper documents to be converted into text which is editable after scanning
    - Optical Mark Recognition / Reading is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests
  4. 4What are the pros and cons of OCR?+ OCR is much faster than typing
    + Scanned text can be used for further processing or changed
    - You need specialist equipment and software
    - It is not completely accurate and text would need proof reading
    - It is language dependent
  5. 5What are the pros and cons of OMR?+ Inputs large amounts of data quickly
    + Only one computer needed to collect and process the data
    + Much more accurate than data being keyed in by a person
    - If the marks don't fill the space completely, or aren't in a dark enough pencil, they may not be read correctly
    - Only suitable for recording one out of a selection of answers, not suitable for text input
    - The OMR reader needs the answers to be on the prepared forms which will all be identical to one another.    What are the pros and cons of OMR?
  6. 6In terms of data entry, what is; - MICR - Biometrics- MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader) is a machine used to process cheques quickly and with 100% accuracy
    - Biometrics is a system for automated verification/recognition of individuals based on their biological characteristics.
  7. 7What are the pros and cons of MICR?+ Offers greater security than OCR (printed characters cannot be altered)
    + No manual input (reduced errors)
    + Characters can still be read after someone writes on them
    - Only certain characters can be read
    - A more expensive method of data entry
  8. 8What are the pros and cons of Biometrics?+ No need to remember a password
    + No chance of ‘forgetting’ your method of identification
    + Cannot be stolen or guessed
    + Convenient and less time consuming
    - Can be very expensive
    - Can cause a spread of germs (unhygienic)
    - Risk of identity theft
    - Can be an invasion of privacy    What are the pros and cons of Biometrics?
  9. 9In terms of data entry, what is a; - Barcode Reader - Magnetic Stripe- Barcode readers are used in supermarkets, shops, libraries and other companies to read information in the form of barcodes on product casings
    - Magnetic Stripe is used to read information on the magnetic stripe found on the back of credit / debit / security cars, etc.
  10. 10What are the pros and cons of barcode readers?+ Faster in data entry
    + Less data entry error
    + Enables automatic stock control
    - Relatively expensive to set up
    - Relatively expensive to manage
    - Works with computers / POS terminals
  11. 11What are the pros and cons of magnetic stripe?Data entry is; + faster +error free
    + Info held on magnetic stripe is secured
    + Cannot be damaged by oil/water/moisture
    + No moving parts (physically robust)
    - Data lost when card is damaged
    - Card readers do not work in distance
    - Info not readable by card users
  12. 12What is the Automated Stock Control system?- The system that monitors the items in stock in a store.
    It is important that a business does not keep too much stock, nor too little.
  13. 13Why is it important that a business does not keep; - too much stock - too little stock• Too much stock costs money as you have to store it all somewhere
    • Too much perishable stock (e.g. food) means that it may go bad before it is sold
    - Too little stock means that you might run out of stock before the next delivery arrives
  14. 14What are Just in time Stock Control Systems?JIT Systems allow companies to order only the MINIMUM required stock as and when their stock levels RUN LOW
  15. 15Describe how ‘just in time’ stock control works after a barcode is scanned at a Point of Sales (POS) terminal.• Code matched on stock database.
    • One deducted from stock database / Item sold decreases record by 1.
    • checked against reorder level.
    • if below automatic level request sent to supplier.
    • stock delivered.
    • stock database updated
  16. 16What are the pros of Just in time systems?+ Low warehouse cost and space
    + Less waste as perishable stock won’t go out of date
    + Store is better able to respond to changing demand (flexibility of provision)
    + Do not run out of fast selling items
    + Reduced setup times
  17. 17What are the cons of Just in time systems?- Expensive to introduce/set up
    - Cannot respond to unusual demand
    - Heavy reliance on suppliers, staff and customers to make it work effectively
    - A need for complex, specialist stock systems
    - More admin staff needed as the store is responsible for own ordering
  18. 18In terms of payment methods, name two electronic payment systems...- ATM
    - EFTPOS
  19. 19What is ATM?A device that provides the customer access to financial transactions in a public space without need for human clerk or bank teller
  20. 20- What does EFTPOS stand for? - What is this? (Customer - store) bank account- Electronic funds transfer at point of sale
    - EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer) is the electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another via computer-based systems, without the direct intervention of bank staff.
    - An EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) system is an integrated system that can organise, control and analyse various parts of your business, from cash transactions to backend reporting, staff monitoring and inventory control.    - What does EFTPOS stand for? - What is this? (Customer - store) bank account
  21. 21What are the advantages of EPOS to the retailer?What are the advantages of EPOS to the retailer?
  22. 22Give an example of; - An online payment service - An international payment service - A digital payment service- Online = PayPal
    - International= SWIFT
    - Digital = VISA Debit Card
  23. 23List the features of Computer Assisted Learning...- Multimedia
    - Used for tutorials
    - Used for revision (interactive tests)
    - Games make learning fun
    - Can be used at a distance (no need for formal learning with lessons in set times/places)
  24. 24What are the advantages of CAL?+ Pupils work at own pace
    + Multilingual support
    + Available at any time
    + Materials provided in different formats such as text, voice, video, animations
    + Automatic generation of progress reports
    + Can access on a variety of hardware
  25. 25What are the disadvantages of CAL?-No collaborative learning
    -Cost of software/specialist hardware
    -Lack of personal support (close at hand) / no peer interaction
    - More opportunity not to work if left to own devices
    - Hard for teacher to gauge pupil progress
  26. 26What is Computer Based Training? (Pros and cons of this are the same as CAL)This is training focused on developing skills through;
    - Online courses
    - Educational software
    - Professional Development for educators
    - Health and Safety training
  27. 27What are the benefits of computerized learning?What are the benefits of computerized learning?
  28. 28What is Distance Learning (E-learning)?A method of studying in which lectures are broadcast or lessons are conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet, without the student needing to attend a school or college.
  29. 29Name and describe 3 examples of Distance Learning...- Email → Students are free to e-mail their tutors with problems they are having with the subject
    - Chat rooms → Students can chat in real time amongst themselves or with their tutor in a group tutorial
    - Video conferencing → Allows a teacher/lecturer to give a lesson/lecture to a group of students who may all be located in different places.    Name and describe 3 examples of Distance Learning...
  30. 30List the advantages of Distance Learning...+ Pupils who are ill can keep up to date
    + Saves students time and cost of travel and can instead work at home
    + Students can access more courses
    + Classes can run with small no. of pupils
    + Shared expertise
    + Flexibility of time/can work at own pace
  31. 31List the disadvantages of Distance Learning...- Diminishes literacy
    - Cost implication of installation
    - Lack of support / no peer interaction
    - Pupils must be motivated to achieve their goals
    - Need for equipment at home (cost)
    - Broadband problems
    - No social interaction
  32. 32What is Video-Conferencing? List 3 examples...- This is the use of communication software that supports video.
    - It can exchange audio/video/etc.
    - Video-Conferencing software includes;
    • Skype
    • Viber
    • Facetime
  33. 33List some features of Virtual Classrooms...- Chat/discussion facilities/blogs
    - Course content
    - Testing
    - Work submission
    - Resources
  34. 34What are the advantages of Virtual Classrooms?What are the advantages of Virtual Classrooms?
  35. 35What are the disadvantages of Virtual Classrooms?What are the disadvantages of Virtual Classrooms?
  36. 36List all the examples of computerized teaching...- Computer Assisted Learning
    - Computer Based Training
    - Distance learning
    - Video conferencing
    - e-learning
    - Interactive whiteboards
    - Specialist hardware e.g. for disabled
  37. 37What are the advantages of Computerised Teaching?What are the advantages of Computerised Teaching?
  38. 38What are the disadvantages of Computerised Teaching?- Lack of collaborative learning
    - Need to be self motivated
    - Lack of social interaction
    - Cost of installation and maintenance
    - Work / life balance of teacher
    - Communication failure
    - Inequality of learning experience
  39. 39How is IT used in terms of School/College Administration?How is IT used in terms of School/College Administration?
  40. 40Name and describe 5 methods of computerised registration... (Replace Bromcom with biometric methods e.g retina scans / fingerprint recognition)Name and describe 5 methods of computerised registration... (Replace Bromcom with biometric methods e.g retina scans / fingerprint recogn...
  41. 41What are the advantages of Computerised Registration?+ Easier to spot absence patterns
    + Automatic SMS messages to parents
    + Saves teachers teaching time
    + Printout report summary to check pupils % attendance
    + Know which pupils are in and are late
    + Less space than paper based system
  42. 42What are the disadvantages of Computerised Registration?What are the disadvantages of Computerised Registration?
  43. 43What are the pros and cons of using Optical Mark Readers for registration in schools?+ As the info is stored both electronically and on paper, data is not easily lost
    + No absolute reliance on technology
    - Can be a slow process that reduces teaching time
    - Damaged forms may not be read
    Students can alter forms when the teacher is not looking
  44. 44What are the pros and cons of using IMS such as SIMS for registration in schools? Pros of SIMS in general?+ Stores info online via an intranet so it is safe, secured and backed up.
    - There is a reliance on technology to work
    + Plan timetables + Tackle truancy
    + Up-to-date info for parents
    + Reduced workload for teachers
  45. 45What are the pros and cons of using biometric finger print scanners for registration in schools?+ Very specific to each pupil
    + Quick to perform
    + No chance of error + Nothing to forget
    + Information is stored electronically
    - If there is a problem with the technology needed to store this information, this info could be lost as it is not backed up
  46. 46What are the pros and cons of using swipe/smart for registration in schools?+ Quick to perform
    + Easy to perform + Low cost
    - Can be used by anyone e.g if stolen / handed out to a friend (allows anyone access to the school / unreliable method of registrating who is or isn't in)
    - Reliance on technology
    - Pupil's can forget their cards
  47. 47What are the advantages of using the Internet to find information?+ Information can be kept up to date, reflecting news as it happens
    + Huge amount of information available
    + Multimedia – sound, animation and video can be used to explain things
    + Search engines help you to find what you want
  48. 48What are the disadvantages of using the Internet to find information?What are the disadvantages of using the Internet to find information?
  49. 49IT in health... What are Expert Systems? What are their three main components?- Expert systems are an ICT system that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert.
    • Knowledge base (facts)
    • Inference engine (uses rules)
    • User Interface (used by operator)
  50. 50Give 2 examples of how expert systems can be used...- It can pinpoint an organism responsible for infection using patient blood tests
    - It can train doctors by checking answers that a doctor gives and explaining if they are wrong and how
  51. 51What are the advantages of Expert Systems?+ Can provide a second opinion
    + The computer does not 'forget' or make mistakes e.g it remembers obscure cases of heart diseases
    + They will never 'retire'
    + The expert system is available 24/7
    + It can help train young doctors in unfamiliar diseases
  52. 52What are the disadvantages of Expert Systems?What are the disadvantages of Expert Systems?
  53. 53- What is a sensor? - What can sensors measure?- A sensor is a device that converts a real-world property into data that a computer can process.
    (e.g binary numbers → digital data)
    - Hormone levels - Respiration rate
    - Pulse/HR - Blood sugar
  54. 54What are the 2 different types of sensor?- Analogue Sensors ~ used to measure an analogue quantity ( an infinite set of values e.g temperature / pressure)
    - Digital Sensors ~ used to measure digital quantities ( a limited set of values e.g a switch only has 2 positions, on and off)
  55. 55What are the advantages of Sensors? What is a disadvantage of them?+ Allows 24/7 monitoring
    + Frees up staff
    + Allows alarms to sound
    + Automatically adjust medicine
    + More regular/accurate reading/recording
    + Can spot trends in patient symptoms
    - Calibration needed to check accuracy
  56. 56How are body scanning devices used?- To model the internal structure of a patient
    - For routine early detection of illnesses
    - For diagnosis
    - By surgeons to plan operations
  57. 57- Name 2 examples of body scanners... • How do both of these use ICT- MRI
    - CAT
    • Both use ICT to produce a model of
    the inside of the patient
  58. 58- Describe MRI- MRI:
    • Uses magnetic and radio waves.
    •Computer analyses and interprets the returning signal.
    • Computer model builds up a picture
  59. 59What are the pros of MRI scans?+ Provide a tremendous level of detail on tissue information, i.e. very good for detecting brain tumours
    + Good for examining the heart, blood vessels, joints and spine for damage
    + Good for checking liver/kidney function
    + Do not cause damage like x-rays
  60. 60- Describe CAT- CAT:
    • A complex X-ray machine.
    • Uses several X-ray beams at different angles.
    • Some produce 3D images.
    • Shows up bone, fatty tissue and muscle
  61. 61What are the pros and cons of CAT scans?+ Produces a complete 3D model of a patient’s bones and internal organs
    + Pinpoints tumours in the body
    + Helps plan treatment e.g radiotherapy
    + Gives more detail than ordinary X-ray
    - Expensive
    - However they do have side effects
  62. 62What are the advantages of Body Scanners (in general)?+ Allows accurate diagnosis without the need for surgery
    + Leads to faster recovery
    + Removes the danger of post-operative infections + Faster diagnosis
    + The surgeon is better prepared as they know what they are going to find before cutting open the body
  63. 63What are the disadvantages of Body Scanners (in general)?- Expensive to purchase / run
    - Can be claustrophobic - Must keep still
    - Could result in the loss of traditional diagnostic skills
    - Health risks (increased risk of cancer)
    - Need for expert training / interpretation
    - Patients with pacemakers and metallic limbs cannot go through scanners
  64. 64How does blood tracking work?- Blood is taken from donors and tested
    - It's then stored
    - Blood bags are labelled with barcodes
    - Barcode is scanned on blood bag when placed in fridge and taken out of fridge
    - Patient's wristband is scanned to make sure it matches the correct blood
    - Correct blood match = transfusion
  65. 65- What are the advantages of Blood Tracking? (Identification of problems with blood) - What is a disadvantage of these?- What are the advantages of Blood Tracking? (Identification of problems with blood) - What is a disadvantage of these?
  66. 66Electronic Patient Record (EPR) Keeping is an example of a Medical Database. What are the advantages of this new electronic method?+ Only one set of data kept so it’s easier to ensure consistency
    + Improved security of data due to permission access
    + Much easier to back up data
    + Patient details available to view wherever there is a terminal
  67. 67Electronic Patient Record (EPR) Keeping is an example of a Medical Database. What are the disadvantages of the old paper based method?- Patient records frequently went missing
    - Handwritten notes are not always legible
    - Storage and retrieval problems
    - Records often filed in the wrong place
    - Difficult to access simultaneously
  68. 68How is patient privacy ensured in medical databases?- Passwords / access levels (e.g edit or read only)
    - Encryption to ensure that data sent can only be read by the correct recipient
    - Audit trails (to show who has viewed / altered information)
  69. 69In terms of medical databases, what is the; - internet used to do? • intranet used to do?- Send emails to patients
    - Research by staff
    - Communicate with friends and families whilst in hospital by patients
    - Send info quickly e.g lab tests / x-rays
    • Transfer patient data to different devices
  70. 70In terms of medical databases, who uses the extranet ?- Suppliers to check equipment / drugs
    - Other agencies e.g social workers /
    care homes
    - GPs to check their patients whilst in hospital
  71. 71IT at home - Entertainment What features do fast action computer games need?- A fast processor
    - A large screen
    - A large amount of RAM
    - Plenty of storage (hard drive)
    - A high quality graphics card
    - Large powerful speakers
  72. 72What are the advantages of computer games?+ Young children can learn from them
    + Can make learning fun
    + Can encourage team work (e.g. online team games)
    + Good jobs in games sector such as designers and programmers
  73. 73What are the disadvantages of computer games?- Can be addictive
    - Sedentary activity
    - Violent games lead to violence
    - Wastes time
    - Health problems e.g. RSI, back ache
  74. 74Digital cameras and mobile phones with cameras have changed how we produce photographs What are the advantages of digital cameras / images?Digital cameras offer flexibility because digital images can be;
    + Shared by attaching them to e-mails
    + Sent via mobile phones
    + Passed to social networking sites like Facebook
    + Edited easily
  75. 75What are the advantages of using editing software with a digital image?What are the advantages of using editing software with a digital image?
  76. 76What are the advantages of downloading music from the internet?- Easily obtainable
    - You can choose single tracks rather than the whole album
    - You can burn downloaded tracks to a CD (as long as it’s for personal use only)
    - Easily loaded onto portable players (MP3 players and mobile phones)
  77. 77What are the disadvantages of downloading music from the internet?- Illegal downloaders could be cut off by their ISP or prosecuted
    - Files could contain viruses / malware
    - Quality can be significantly poorer than purchasing albums, etc.
    - Takes up storage
    - Cannot re-sell an old CD (it's not physical)
  78. 78What are the advantages of digital TV services?- Extra stories / sports coverage
    (red button)
    - Booking cinema and holiday tickets
    - Playing games - Shopping
    - Placing bets - E-mail
    - Placing votes
    - Interactive advertising
    - Audience participation
    (e.g by sending comments)
  79. 79What are the disadvantages of digital TV services?- Encourage young children to play games on T.V rather than being more energetic
    - Addiction
    - Gambling problems
  80. 80What are the advantages of email?What are the advantages of email?
  81. 81What are the disadvantages of email?What are the disadvantages of email?
  82. 82What is teletext?A broadcast Service to our TVs.
  83. 83- What are the advantages of teletext services? - What are the disadvantages of teletext services+ It can display information such as weather, news, programme listings, etc.
    + It does not slow down when there are lots of users (unlike the internet)
    + It is a free service
    - It is a limited service (unlike the internet)
    - It is a non-interactive service
  84. 84What are the features of mobile phones?What are the features of mobile phones?
  85. 85What are the advantages of on-line banking?What are the advantages of on-line banking?
  86. 86What are the disadvantages of on-line banking?- Not all online transactions are immediate
    - On-line accounts could be hacked
    and money stolen
    - Loses the personal service of a real bank
  87. 87What are the health concerns associated with the use of ICT in home entertainment?What are the health concerns associated with the use of ICT in home entertainment?
  88. 88What is Identity Theft?- Personal information obtained fraudulently and used to open or access banking services or credit cards
    - Often uses stolen or false documents to open accounts in your name
  89. 89How would you prevent identity theft?- Never give out personal info in an email
    - Never follow a link
    - Don't leave personal info lying around / - Shred paperwork
    - Do not write down banking information
    - Install a firewall
  90. 90Why does information have to be presented in a range of different formats and via different media?As there is a need to use the most appropriate format for the intended audience
  91. 91What must you always ensure when creating a document for an intended audience?That the design of your document in appropriate for the people who will be reading it, the audience.
  92. 92Give two examples of ensuring that the document is suited to the audience...- A poster advertising a school disco for
    14-16 year olds would need a different design compared to a poster advertising a drink driving campaign.
    - If you are talking about ICT to others who know about ICT, then you can use technical terms without explaining them.
  93. 93What are examples of types of audiences?-Adults
    -Teenagers
    -Young children
    -People that are knowledgeable about the subject
    -People that are not knowledgeable about the subject
  94. 94What are the different formats of information?-Text
    -Tabular
    -Graphics (graphs, charts, photographs)
    -Audio
    -Animations
    -Video
  95. 95What should you choose your format of information in accordance to?- The particular needs of the user
    - The complexity of the information
    - Whether or not it can be presented on-line
  96. 96Give an example of; 1 - The particular needs of the user 2 - The complexity of the information1. A user may be partially sighted / blind so information as audio would need to be used rather than text
    2. Complex info can be explained better pictorially e.g for young children. Figures can be presented as graphs and charts so that comparisons can be made & trends spotted
  97. 97Give an example of; 3 - Whether or not it can be presented on-line3. Animations and video can be added to multimedia presentations or websites
  98. 98These days, information can be given in a wide range of media. How could you get football results by?-In printed form in the newspaper
    -On a website
    -As audio on the radio
    -A video showing match highlights
    -Red button (teletext)
    -A text on your mobile phone
  99. 99Why is it vital that there is a wide range of media to choose from?So that everyone can access the information.
  100. 100- What is paper based media? - What are the advantages of this?- (hard copy), traditional, information given as text and graphics on paper
    + Ideal for detailed info that needs to be taken away and studied
    + Good for information that does not change often
  101. 101What is an advantage of screen based media?+ Good for info that needs to be read only the once e.g
    checking train times can be done on a website
  102. 102What is media in the form of audio? Give an exampleInformation that can be given using speech e.g
    a message could be left using voicemail on a mobile phone. You can listen to the message at a later point
  103. 103What is media in the form of video? Give an exampleUsed to convey information e.g
    a speech videoed during a meeting can be sent digitally to people who could not attend
  104. 104- What does multimedia mean? - Give an example- (Many media) so more than just text and graphics. This means a normal book or magazine would not be considered as multimedia
    - e.g computer games, websites and DVDs
  105. 105List some factors which cover the choice of media...- The nature and complexity of the information
    - Time to study
    - Needs of recipient
    - Lifespan of information
  106. 106Why is the nature and complexity of the information a factor which covers the choice of media?Information that is easy to understand and quick to read can be presented on screen however, information that may require a bit of analysis in order to understand would be best printed.
  107. 107Why is the time needed to study a factor which covers the choice of media?Material which needs to be studied at length needs to be hard copy.
  108. 108Why is the needs of a recipient a factor which covers the choice of media?You need to consider the purpose of the information and how it will be used by the recipient in order to determine the best format to provide it in.
  109. 109Why is the lifespan of information a factor which covers the choice of media?Some information chances by the minute or even second, such as share prices. The lifespan of some information is short and it is important to use a medium for this information that can react almost instantaneously to this. A website would be the best solution that is changing regularly.
  110. 110- What are word processing packages used to produce? - Before starting documents what would you need to consider?- Documents containing text such as letters, reports etc.
    - The layout/format
  111. 111Give examples of the layout/format of documents...-Margins
    -Headers and Footers
    -Boarders
    -Page Orientation
    -Gutters
    -Pagination
    -Paper Size
  112. 112Once text has been entered it can be formatted to add structure and emphasis. - Give examples of how it can it be edited...-Font colour
    -Font size
    -Font type
    -Font style
    -Font effects
  113. 113What are some of the many features of word processing?-Mailmerge
    -Indexing
    -Macros
    -Thesaurus
    -Spellchecker
    - Templates
  114. 114What is mail merge?Combining a list of names and addresses from a database with a letter created on word processing software so that a series of letters are produced with each letter being addressed to a different person
    → Repetitive processing is used as tasks are repeated over and over again with few changes as main bulk of info is the same
  115. 115What is indexing?Allows words to be highlighted so that they can be used to create an index. The word processing software keeps a record of the words along with their page numbers and, when instructed to do so will create the index
  116. 116What are macros?Used to record a series of keystrokes so that, for example, your name and address can be added to the top of the page simply by pressing a single key or a click of the mouse → easy with little effort
  117. 117What is the thesaurus feature?Allows a word to be chosen and the word processor will list synonyms. This is useful in creative writing where you do not want to repeat a word
  118. 118What is the spellchecker feature?Word processing software has a dictionary against which all words types in are checked
  119. 119- What are templates? - Give two examples of when they're used- Used to specify the structure of a document, such as fonts, page layout, formatting and styles, which provide a starting point when creating a document.
    Formatting is complete, you add what you want to them.
    • Invitations • Newsletters
    → Baseline of letter, same standard layout, different text e.g for different recipients
  120. 120- What is a style sheet? - Are they quicker at changing text formatting than templates? Why?- A type of template file consisting of font and layout settings to give a standardized look to certain documents
    - They are quicker as after you apply a style to different sections of text in your document, you can change the formatting of this text, simply by changing the style.
  121. 121What are some types of style sheets used to create in word processing documents? How?- Reference tables e.g the heading style which can be used to create a table of contents.
  122. 122What is professional desktop publishing software used by large publishing houses to produce?Complex designs for magazines, catalogues and newspapers.
  123. 123What are the advantages of desktop publishing?+ More control over layout of page
    + Better integrating files from other packages
    + Text and graphics can be put in boxes, allowing the boxes to be moved and positioned easily
    + You can produce files that a professional printer can use directly
  124. 124What are the features of presentation software?-You can insert images
    -You can reorder slides
    -Animation effects
    -Preview slides
    -Slide transitions
    -Speaker notes and handouts
    -Design consistently using templates
  125. 125What are the advantages of presentation software?What are the advantages of presentation software?
  126. 126What are the disadvantages of presentation software?– Files containing video are large and need lots of storage space
    – Audience can get fed up seeing the special effects that people tend to use
    – Sound effects and animations can annoy the audience
    – Time consuming to set up a good presentation
  127. 127- What is a database? - What are the two types of computerised databases?- A database is an organised collection of data or information
    • Flat file
    • Relational
  128. 128- What is a flat file database? - What is a relational database? Give an example- Flat file → limited database suitable for only a few applications
    - Relational → more flexible and useful for large applications / data sets
    e.g used in big businesses and supermarkets
  129. 129Why is it important that data can easily be imported and exported between different software?Data in a database may have taken years to collect and create and so maybe a very valuable commodity to the organisation. As database software may change over the years, it is therefore important that data is easily imported and exported between different software.
  130. 130Give an example of this...e.g Names and addresses from a database can be imported into a word document to produce a mail merge.
  131. 131- Why do we store data in a database? - What is one way of searching for data?- We store data in a database as it is easy to perform searches in order to extract data.
    - Using commands written in SQL (Structured Query Language)
  132. 132Give an example of a query in a database...Give an example of a query in a database...
  133. 133- What is a report? - How is a report produced?- A report is a printout of the results from a database.
    - In most cases a report is produced on paper by printing the results but a report can also be produced on screen.
  134. 134- What should be done if there is a lot of detail in a report? - What do reports give the user control over?- It may be better to print it out so that it can be taken away and studied
    - What and where the information they want is output e.g printed on paper or to the screen.
  135. 135- What is web authoring? - What are two examples of generic software that could be used to develop websites?- Web authoring is the name of the software used to create websites.
    • Word processing software
    • DTP software
  136. 136What are two examples of web authoring packages?-Adobe Dreamweaver
    -Serif WebPlus
  137. 137What are the features of websites?What are the features of websites?
  138. 138What are the uses of hyperlinks?-You can move from one place to another on the same webpage
    -You can move to another page on the same website
    -You can move to a completely different website
  139. 139- What are textual hyperlinks? - What are graphical hyperlinks? (a.k.a hotspots)- Textual are simply words on a website which you can click on
    - Graphical are pictures / photographs etc, that you can click on
  140. 140• What are frames? • What are two pros of frames?• A frame is an area into which text or images can be placed
    + You can display two or more webpages at a time
    + You do not need to have whole webpages in a frame as you can just use part of each page in each frame.
  141. 141Why are frames not used within all websites?They tend to be a bit confusing for the user
  142. 142- What does HTML stand for? - What is HTML?- HyperText Markup Language
    - It's a series of instructions used to format and display text and images on the WWW / a programming language that gives a set of instructions, used to format web pages
  143. 143- Why is it used? - What do most people who are not professional designers prefer to use? Why?- It's used to specify the structure and layout of a webpage and website
    - A web authoring package as it is far more user friendly
  144. 144Ultimately any website you create using the package is turned into HTML code e.g…Ultimately any website you create using the package is turned into HTML code e.g…
  145. 145Give the names of four other pieces of software that a company could use with DTP software...- Spreadsheet software
    - Presentation software
    - Word Processing software
    - Database software
  146. 146What is a standalone computer?A computer that is not connected to a network is called a standalone e.g a personal laptop
  147. 147What are the pros of standalone computer?What are the pros of standalone computer?
  148. 148What are the cons of standalone computer?What are the cons of standalone computer?
  149. 149What are the factors influencing network choice?What are the factors influencing network choice?
  150. 150What are the benefits associated with a network?What are the benefits associated with a network?
  151. 151What are the costs associated with a network?What are the costs associated with a network?
  152. 152In terms of how a system will be used, what is it dependent upon? Example...The different priorities of the organisations e.g a school may be concerned with blocking the downloading of illicit material
  153. 153- What security factors does every business need to take into account in their network? - What do most networks have as a basic requirement of keeping the networks secure?• Prevention of hacking
    • Avoid viruses
    • Secure payment site
    - User accounts & passwords
  154. 154- How can the size of an organisation vary?- From one small office for a small business using 10 workstations and one printer to a huge global company that need to be networked across the country.
  155. 155- How can the range of a network vary?A network can range from a small LAN (Local Area Network) to a global WAN (Wide Area Network)
  156. 156- What is LAN? - What are LANs usually built to enable the sharing of?- Local Area Network supplies networking capability to a group of computers in close proximity to each other, like in an office building, school, or home
    - Resources and services like files, printers, games, applications, email, or internet access
  157. 157- What does a LAN network comprise of? • What do they allow? - What are the two primary ways to enable LAN connections?Cables, switches, routers and other components that let users connect to internal servers, websites and other LANs via WANs.
    - Ethernet and Wi-Fi
  158. 158- What is Ethernet? - How does WiFi enable LAN connections?- Ethernet is a specification that enables computers to communicate with each other
    - Wi-Fi uses radio waves to connect computers to the LAN
  159. 159- What is WAN?A Wide Area Network is a communications network that spans a large geographic area such as across cities, states, or countries.
  160. 160Are WANs private or public?They can be private to connect parts of a business or they can be more public to connect smaller networks together.
  161. 161Is the internet itself a WAN?Yes because through the use of ISPs, it connects lots of smaller LANs together.
  162. 162- What is another example of a WAN? - What is used to connect LANs to WANs?- Cloud services, set up by businesses.
    - Typically, a router or another multifunction device is used to connect a LAN to a WAN.
  163. 163In terms of what, are networks chosen based on performance?- Reliability
    - User friendliness
    - Capacity
    - Speed of processing.
  164. 164Different parts of an organisation may have different performance requirements. - Give two examples of this...• A real-time e-commerce system may require greater speeds, capacity and security than the in house payroll system
    • A graphic design studio would require high speed to process large graphic files
  165. 165What are the two types of network?• Peer-to-peer
    • Client-server
  166. 166List four facts about Peer-to-peer networks...-Each computer has the same status
    -Each computer can access resources on other computers on the network
    -Used for small networks
    -Used for file sharing
  167. 167List six facts about Client-server networks...List six facts about Client-server networks...
  168. 168What are the pros of peer-to-peer networks?What are the pros of peer-to-peer networks?
  169. 169What are the cons of peer-to-peer networks?What are the cons of peer-to-peer networks?
  170. 170What are the pros of client-server networks?What are the pros of client-server networks?
  171. 171What are the cons of client-server networks?What are the cons of client-server networks?
  172. 172What are the basic elements of an ICT network?What are the basic elements of an ICT network?
  173. 173- What does a network topology show? - What are three topologies?- A network topology shows how the devices/computers are connected when wires are used and if wireless is used, it shows how the devices in the network communicate with each other.
    • Ring • Bus •Star
  174. 174Give three facts on ring topology...- Peer-to-peer network as no server
    - Computers connected in a circle
    - Data travels around until it reaches correct computer
  175. 175Give three facts on bus topology...- All devices are connected to a single shared cable
    - Shared cable is called the backbone
    - Signals are passed in either direction along the backbone
  176. 176Give two facts on star topology...- Uses a central connection point
    - Central connection point can be a hub, switch or router
  177. 177What are the pros and cons of ring topology networks?+ No server needed
    + Each computer has equal access so no one computer can ‘hog’ the network
    - A break in any connection will cause network to fail
    - Faults are hard to locate
    - Hard to keep network running when new equipment is added
  178. 178What are the pros and cons of bus topology networks?+ Cheap (small amount of cable needed)
    + Easy to install (simple cable runs)
    + Easy to add extra devices to the network
    - Only suitable for small networks of less than 12 devices
    - Break in the backbone cable renders the network unusable
  179. 179What are the pros and cons of star topology networks?What are the pros and cons of star topology networks?
  180. 180What is the internet?The internet is a huge group of networks joined together. Each of these networks consists of lots of smaller networks. This means that the internet consists of hardware.
  181. 181What does the internet provide?- E-mail facilities
    - Instant messaging
    - News groups
    - File Transfer Protocol
    - Peer-to-Peer networking
  182. 182What are the benefits of the internet?What are the benefits of the internet?
  183. 183- What is an intranet? - What does it require? - What is the main use of an intranet?- An intranet is a private network that uses the same technology as that used by the internet for the sending of messages around the network.
    - Login → username & password
    - To share organization information & share resources.
  184. 184- What is the main feature of an intranet? - Is an intranet confined to a single site? - Is it always local? - Is it still possible for people on an intranet to access the internet?- Only employees of the organisation are able to use it
    - No
    - No e.g a school network can be accessed at home
    - Yes
  185. 185Give two examples of intranets...Examples of intranets include campus and corporate networks.
  186. 186- What is the difference between an intranet and an extranet? - Does it cost? ExampleThe use of an intranet is restricted to employees of the organisation, whereas with an extranet, customers, suppliers and other partners, as well as the employees of the organisation, can access the information.
    - Free or for a charge → public network available e.g cloud in pubs
  187. 187Are extranets accessible by the general public? How is this ensured? Give an example...No by the use of usernames and passwords.
    For example, a campus extranet would allow parents of the college students to log in and pay tuition as well as to look at other information however, it would not give them access to the actual intranet.
  188. 188What are the advantages of on-line shopping?What are the advantages of on-line shopping?
  189. 189What are the disadvantages of on-line shopping?What are the disadvantages of on-line shopping?
  190. 190Other than topology issues, what three factors will influence the choice of network?Other than topology issues, what three factors will influence the choice of network?
  191. 191What are other factors that influence the choice of network?- How the system will be used
    - Performance required
    - Existing systems
    (what software is needed to be compatible? / Will the addition expand the network or will there be a new one?)
  192. 192What are the pros of a networked system?- Easy communication & speed
    - Ability to share files, data and information
    - Sharing hardware
    - Sharing software
    - Security
  193. 193What are the cons of a networked system?- Breakdowns / possible loss of resources
    - Expensive to build / set up
    - Security threats
    - Bandwidth issues
    - Cost of maintaining the system
    - Cost of updating software / hardware
    - Cost of training staff to use the system
  194. 194What extra communications facilities and possible changes in working practices could networks provide?- Video conferencing to get expert help on tricky work
    - Re-training of staff
    - Internet access to research procedures or latest developments
    - Email, enabling the transfer of information between employees
  195. 195- Apart from risk of viruses, what other security risk is there in connecting computers to a network? - What can be done to reduce this risk?- You could lose all files on all computers if the network crashed
    - You can back up all files on an external hard drive.
  196. 196Loss of data can be due to a number of different factors. What are these factors?- Viruses
    - Hardware failure (hard drive crash)
    - Natural disaster(e.g floods, fire, terrorism)
    - Accidently deleting data
    - Deliberate damaged by employees / hackers
  197. 197A number of methods can be used as security strategies. What are these methods?- Virus checking
    - User names and passwords
    - Firewalls
    Encryption
  198. 198- What does virus checking ensure? - What do usernames and passwords ensure?- That the virus software is updated regularly and that e-mails, attachments and files are scanned so that any viruses can be detected or removed.
    - Ensures that only people who are allowed to use the network are able to log on.
  199. 199- What do firewalls do? - What is encryption and what does it do?- Protect the network from outside hackers
    - The process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access e.g when financial data is passed from supermarket to head office via the internet, (sent over networks).
  200. 200What can be used to help manage the network system?Management software can be used to monitor how the system is working and can automatically run updates.

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Flashcards on IT 1/2 Topic 6 onwards, created by Ben Renwick on 26/05/2017.
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