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agk 3

Matt Barnes CASA AGK English 200 cards

agk 3

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1crank casemain body
    his internal oil passages
  2. 2throw equalshalf the piston stroke
  3. 3camshaft turns athalf crankshaft speed
  4. 4top of cylinder head is made of? bottom is made of?aluminium at top
    steel at bottom
  5. 5double valve springs ensurepositive valve closure
  6. 6the valve liftertransmits camshaft lobe lift to Pushrod, may be HYDRAULIC in some engines
  7. 7when the valve lifter moves upthe rocker arm rotates downwards to open valve
  8. 8Normal Flame Rate Detonation Flame rate80ft/sec
    1000ft/sec!!
  9. 9detenonation sounds likepinging or knocking
  10. 10preignition can lead todetonation
  11. 11Anything that heats the incoming charge reducesvolumetric efficiency
  12. 12In Pitot instrument, when inside bit expands... what is happening?the dynamic pressure is increasing
  13. 13ICE TICE T
  14. 14In the Static Port, when the aneroid expands,the static pressure is decreasing,
    altitude is increasing
  15. 15QNHObserved Airfield pressure converted to the pressure of Mean Sea Level
  16. 16An aircraft lands at an aerodrome that has an elevation of 1020 feet. The altimeter however reads 1320 feet. Assuming ISA conditions, the error is due to :The QNH set 10 hPA too high
  17. 17VSI uses acalibrated bleed to measure rate of change
  18. 18IVSI usesAccelerometer pumps which act under the influence of positive or negative ‘G’ forces
    Thee consist of a piston and spring
  19. 19Alternate static is...lower than actual static
    due to airflow over the cabin
  20. 20The static system becomes blocked during cruise and the pilot selects alternate static. Which instruments will be less accurate?the Altimeter, VSI and ASI
  21. 21RIGIDITY.resist any change in direction of the spin
  22. 22Turn and slip indicator only sensesyaw
  23. 23Turn and slip indicator utilizesa rate gyro
  24. 24Which instrument may state it has no pitch informationturn coordinator,
    it shows an aircraft banking
    measures bank and yaw combined
  25. 25Gyro Real Driftdue to friction and imbalance
  26. 26Gyro Real drift must be resetevery 10-15 minutes
  27. 27For Real Drift, what is an acceptable amount of drift?3 degrees
  28. 28Apparent DriftDue to Earths Rotation and Aircraft Movement in Space
    Due to Gyros fixed axis in sace
  29. 29Transport DriftOccurs in Easterly and Westerly Headings
    Due to bend in Earth's Meridians
  30. 30Apparent Drift is greatest nearThe poles
  31. 31Transport Drift is minimized byresetting the DG to the compass heading every 15 mins
  32. 32AI accelerate error When taking off errorpitch up
    roll right 2-3 degrees
  33. 33AI deaccelerate error When landing AI errorpitch down
    roll left, 2-3 degrees
  34. 34How long do AI errors last for?about a minute
    they are called transient errors
  35. 35Suction for a vacuum pump for gyros is4.5-5.5 inHg
  36. 36Vacuum powered gyro instruments requirehigh airspeed
    are inaccurate otherwise
  37. 37Loss of Power.. Effect on TUrn abd bank Indicators and turn indicatorsno turn and bank info
    warning "OFF" flag will be indicated
  38. 38Magnet is usually floating inkerosene
  39. 39compass should indicate runway heading within10 deg
  40. 40Newtons Laws of Motion1. Will stay in motion
    2. F=ma
    3. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
  41. 41Prop at front calledtractor
  42. 42prop at backpusher
  43. 43The blade angle of a fixed pitch propeller is different at the hub when compared to the blade tip, this is becausethe hub velocity is slower than the tip velocity
  44. 44The purpose of a twist along the length of a propeller blade is to:Ensure an optimum angle of attack over the whole length of the blade
  45. 45Official Blade Twist is taken aat75% of overall length
  46. 46BRAKE HORSE POWERis the power available at the engine’s crankshaft to turn the propeller.
  47. 47THRUST HORSE POWERis the power converted into thrust by the propeller, it will always be less than BRAKE HORSEPOWER because propellers are not 100% efficient due to ‘SLIPPAGE
  48. 48ATMgoes to course pitch
  49. 49CTMgoes to fine pitch
  50. 50Single Engine, Oil to the HubIf Oil Pressure Fails, we want Fine pitch..
    Use Oil Pressure to Move towards Course
  51. 51Twin Engine, Oil to the HubIf Oil Pressure Fails, we want Course pitch..
    Use Oil Pressure to Move towards Fine
  52. 52Counter weights on single acting propellorsovercome CTM and increase blade angle
  53. 53An aircraft with a non-counterweight type propeller, with cruise power set, is put into a steep descent. In this case:ATM plus oil pressure will increase blade angle to maintain a constant RPM.
  54. 54the torque links preventrotational movement between the inner and outer cylinders of the shock strut
  55. 55The trunnion beam supports theshock strut
  56. 56The purpose of the oil and the nitrogen in an oleo-pneumatic strut is:The oil supplies the damping function and the nitrogen supplies the spring function.
  57. 57The torque link in the landing gear assembly is:to align the main gear with the longitudinal axis of the aircraft
  58. 58The hydraulic fluid in an oleo strutwill limit the rate of rebound extension of the strut
  59. 59Retractable undercarriage systems also require- Up and down locks,
    - Up and down position indicators, and
    - An emergency extension method.
  60. 60In a retractible undercarriage The trunnion bearings allow theshock struct to pivot for retraction
  61. 61What does the drag brace do?What does the drag brace do?
  62. 62What does the side brace do?What does the side brace do?
  63. 63How does a down lock work?the join travels OVER CENTRE of the brace axis... this makes it more difficult to colapse the joint with more additon of weight...
    it is also referred to as a JURY STRUT
  64. 64emergency operation to lock the jury strut isthe bungee spring
  65. 65Up lock uses...Hydraulics... Pulling up locks hook in
    Pushing down hooks it out
  66. 66If hydraulics fail,the uplock may be released by freefall assisted by airflow
    assisted by alternate pressure
  67. 67Aircraft commonly used in General Aviation which have retractable landing gear need to have a back up system for operating the gear. This emegency system when actuated will normally:only lower the gear and not be able to retract it
  68. 68The oleo strut design will allowQuick compression and slow recoil
  69. 69The design feature which ensures positive locking of the undercarriage in the down position is:over-centre locks and springs
  70. 70two types of switches commonly used to disable the retraction circuit to prevent accidental undercarriage retraction while the aircraft is on the ground;Squat Switches, (ground/air sensing), and
    - Air Switches (Only allow retraction of the gear once a certain Airspeed has been attained)
  71. 71Where is ground/air sensing achieved?at the torque links
  72. 72Lights for undercarriageup: no lights
    down: 3 greens
    not in selected position: 3 red
  73. 73The Landing gear transit light:illuminates whenever the gear is not locked in the selected position
  74. 74A warning sound will notify the crew whenthe aircraft is in the landing configuration but the landing gear is not DOWN and LOCKED
  75. 75How does it do this?Warning sound notifies crew when
    - Throttle reduced below certain power setting
    - Flaps to landing config
    - Certain angle of attack reached
    - At or below approach speed
  76. 76Blocked Tread Grooved TreatBlocked is in squares: Used for unprepared sufaces
    Grooved is in lines. Used for prepared surfaces
  77. 77chined tiresdisplace water away from engine intakes
  78. 78marstrand tyresused on nosewheel or tailwheel
    has double contact points used to resist shimmy
  79. 79Creep marks are used toindicated movement of the tyre relative to the wheel rim
  80. 80The undercarriage warning horn in a retractable undercarriage system may be activated byposition of the throttle level
  81. 81Unintentional retraction of the undercarriage while on the ground is prevented bya microswitch on one of the undercarriage legs
  82. 82Tyre Creep isMovement of the Tyre relative to the Wheel
  83. 83Aircraft that are designed to be steered by differential braking must havea large castor angle
  84. 84Nose wheels that have a castor angle (for steering) willwobble left and right (shimmy) as speed increases
  85. 85How is it ensured that the nose wheel is straightwith cams
  86. 86A Torque Link is an Undercarriage componentWhich maintains alignment between the Oleo Strut components
  87. 87UP selection of the Undercarriage whilst on the ground is prevented by...is prevented by actuation of a Squat Switch
  88. 88On most types of aircraft electrical safety systems designed to prevent inadvertent retraction of the undercarriage on the ground are activated byThe aeroplane's weight on at least one of the main wheels
  89. 89The purpose of the oil and the nitrogen in an oleo-pneumatic strut is:The oil supplies the damping function and the nitrogen supplies the spring function
  90. 90PASCAL’s LAWWhen a force is applied to a confined liquid, the pressure is transmitted equally and undiminished in all directions
  91. 91Mineral based characteristicsSynthetic rubber (neoprene) seals
    AKA Aeroshell Fluid 41
    flammable
    used in landing gear struts
    red
  92. 92Synthetic Based characteristicsAKA skydrol
    fire resistant
    no color
  93. 93A hydraulic system emergency hand pumpcan operate flaps
    fluid supply is kept in reserve by the standpipe
  94. 94The fluid levels in a hydraulic reservoirwill vary whilst operating a double acting cylinder
  95. 95Bends in hydraulic lines causespressure drops and therefore potential cavitation zones (areas of bubbles)
    errosion of the surface
  96. 96Variable displacement pumpAs pressure output decerases, swash plate increases angle to produce more fluid displacement
  97. 97In a constant delivery hydraulic systemsystem pressure must be controlled by a regulator valve
  98. 98Modern hand pumps are doubnle acting, meaning...handle is operated in each direction
  99. 99what is considered to be the highest priority for the hydraulic system.Primary Flight Controls and Braking Systems
  100. 100Ram Air Turbineintroduces compressed air into hydraulic system to use..... used for primary flight controls and breaking systems
  101. 101Accumulator pre charge gas pressuresmaintain line pressure after a pump failure
  102. 102Accumlators check valve diagrams Orificecheck out on other notes
  103. 103Emergency extension of gear downuses a orifice check valve in the gear up line
    the allows normal flow up, slow flow down
  104. 104Shuttle valvecheck for diagram
  105. 105An actuating jack may be stopped in any position by;placing the selector valve in a neutral position
  106. 106To apply the parking brakes (hydraulic type):Pressure must be applied to the brake pedals and the park brake lever set to ON.
  107. 107The most common hydraulic system faults areAIR IN THE SYSTEM
    loss of pressure
    loss of quanity
    low accumulator pressure
  108. 108Shuttle valves will automatically:Switch hydraulically operated units to the most appropriate pressure supply.
  109. 109The colour of a fresh mineral hydraulic fluids is:red
  110. 110mags should not drop and have difference of175
    50
  111. 111Booster coilHigh voltage delivered at retarded setting
    relies on aircraft battery
  112. 112induction vibratorrelies on aircraft battery to be functional
  113. 113If an engine fails to stop with the magneto switch in OFF position, the cause may be:Excessive carbon formation in cylinder head.
  114. 114AVGAS flash point AVTUR flash point-40deg avgas
    40 deg avtur (safer)
  115. 115MOGAS isprone to detonation if used in AC
  116. 116If Free Water is present in a sample of Avgas taken from the Sump drain of a tank,It appears as a visible layer at the bottom of the sample vessel
  117. 117Boost pumps used forTO
    Landing
    Switching Tanks
  118. 118An aircraft’s integral fuel tank isa part of the aircraft structure
  119. 119What determines the shape of the bladder-type fuel tanks?The structure in which the bladder tank is located
  120. 120Baffles with fuelstructures placed in the wings with holes in them to prevent fuel from sloshing around too much and changing CoG
  121. 121The accelerator pump in a carburettor is used to:prevent a weak-cut if the throttle is opened rapidly.
  122. 122IWthout using accelerator pump, what is consequencerapad acceleration results in leaning of mixture due to lag of fuel
  123. 123Economiser AKAenricher
  124. 124Economiser does whatwhen 75% or higher power is selected, it puts more fuel into mixture to reduce detonation
  125. 125Diffuser Air Bleed does whatMaintains accurate mixture over RPM range
  126. 126As air mass through venturi is doubled, suction isx4
    this means it will be richer
    this is why we have diffuser air bleed
  127. 127Blocked injectorhigh fuel flow
  128. 128backfiringwhen mixture is too lean, it takes too long to burn
  129. 129after firingleft over fuel from too rich
  130. 130wet sumps are usually used inhoriontally opposed
  131. 131dry sumps are usually used inradial
    inverted
  132. 132Oil circulation orderpump
    pressure regulator
    filter
    cooler
    pressure and temperature guage
  133. 133A dry sump hasan oil tank and a scavenge (return) pump.
  134. 134The scavenge pump isat least twice the capacity of the pressure pump.
  135. 135scavenge pump jobcollects oil from engine and takes to external tank
  136. 136crank case breatherused to relieve pressure
  137. 137Some exhaust valves havehollow stems which are partly filled with sodium.
  138. 138A SUPERCHARGER is acentrifugal compressor mechanically driven by the crankshaft.
  139. 139A TURBOCHARGER isan external centrifugal compressor driven by an exhaust turbine.
  140. 140During a climb in a standard atmosphere with constant MAP and RPM indications and at a constant mixture setting, the power output of a piston engine:Increases.
  141. 141The power of a normally aspirated piston engine decreases during a climb with a constant power lever setting because of the decreasing:Air density.
  142. 142superchargers are driven by... and can be placedcrankshaft
    before or after carby
  143. 143internal supercharger compressesfuel/air mixture
  144. 144external supercharger compressesair only
  145. 145RATED BOOST:The highest MAP that the engine can withstand without the danger of DETONATION.
  146. 146RATED POWER:The Maximum power at which the engine can be operated continuously, usually associated with RATED BOOST.
  147. 147FULL THROTTLE HEIGHTis that height where the Throttle is fully open & the Impeller RPM is just sufficient to produce the RATED BOOST, any climb above this height would result in a MAP decrease
  148. 148RATED ALTITUDE:is the FULL THROTTLE HEIGHT at RATED BOOST or the maximum altitude at which maximum continuous power can be maintained on a supercharged engine. On a turbocharged engine this is known as CRITICAL ALTITUDE
  149. 149ALTITUDE BOOSTING(Also called NORMALISING) by use of a Supercharger or Turbocharger, sea level Manifold pressure & therefore Horsepower, is maintained at altitude.
  150. 150GROUND BOOSTINGrefers to the process of increasing the MAP to above Sea Level MAP on the ground & in flight. This means that the actual Horsepower is increased by the increase in MAP. Some engines may develop MAP as high as 48’Hg. This means that the engine will be subjected to high stress forces so must be built from stronger materials. Generally engine compression ratios have to be reduced in Supercharged engines to prevent the onset of DETONATION.
  151. 151The power developed by an internally supercharged engine at sea level, compared to that developed by an identical, but normally aspirated engine at the same manifold pressure & RPM:is less initially but more as altitude increases
  152. 152job of impelloraccelerates air centrifugally
    air is compressed as it slows down
  153. 153job of intercooleras air compresses, it heats up
    intercooler prevents detonation
  154. 154external superchargers used withfuel injected
  155. 155BOOST PRESSUREis the pressure in the Induction System relative to Standard Sea Level Pressure.
  156. 156In a piston engine, turbocharger boost pressure may be monitored by:A manifold pressure gauge only.
  157. 157Turbochargers areEXTERNALLY mounted compressors that use an EXHAUST DRIVEN TURBINE to drive the Impeller. The Turbine is placed in the exhaust system & energy is extracted from the exiting exhaust gases to drive the Turbine, this in turn drives the Impeller via a common shaft.
  158. 158The air in a piston engine turbocharger enters the centrifugal compressor at:The eye of the impeller and leaves it almost at a tangent to the periphery
  159. 159Compressor Discharge Pressure, ie the pressure between the compressor & the Throttle Butterfly is known asUPPER DECK PRESSURE (UDP)
  160. 160Pressure downstream of the Throttle Butterfly isMANIFOLD PRESSURE (MAP)
  161. 161Assume an initial condition at a high cruise altitude with a constant speed propeller. What will happen if the altitude is decreased while the throttle remains fully open and the waste gate is seized in the cruise position:The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) value may exceed the maximum allowed value.
  162. 162DENSITY CONTROLLERis used to prevent the compressor output from exceeding the limiting pressure at FULL THROTTLE . It contains a NITROGEN filled capsule which is sensitive to temperature & Ambient pressure changes. It will react to changes in density as the aircraft climbs & will adjust the wastegate to prevent OVERBOOSTING at full throttle regardless of altitude.
  163. 163DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROLLER (DPC):operates at those throttle settings OTHER than full throttle. The turbo charger compressor is capable of producing pressures far in excess of what is required. The DPC senses the pressure differential across the throttle valve, UDP vs MAP, this means that at full throttle where there is little differential across the valve it allows the wastegate to be fully closed, however as the throttle is retarded & the pressure differential across the throttle valve increases it will open the Wastegate to reduce compressor outlet pressure to suit the new throttle setting.
  164. 164ABCto prevent possible DETONATION caused by overboosting an AUTOMATIC BOOST CONTROL (ABC) is fitted which mechanically varies the position of the THROTTLE lever.
  165. 165abc designA typical system consists of;
    An aneroid datum, a hydraulic actuator and a Throttle control
  166. 166super vs turbo charger differences internal or external rotational speed controlled by? compresses what? powered by what? ABC senses what and controls what? Compressor Discharge pressure Back pressure in climbsuper vs turbo charger differences internal or external rotational speed controlled by? compresses what? powered by what? ABC senses what...
  167. 167The AUTOPILOT senses & maintains attitude by reference to aGYROSCOPIC HORIZON.
  168. 168With the auto pilot heading mode is engaged, the aircraft will :seek and maintain the heading bug setting.
  169. 169On most light training aircraft, auto pilot pitch and roll signals are supplied from :-the aircraft Attitude Indicator.
  170. 170Single axis APonly roll
    AP on switch will maintain wings level
    Manual turn knob will manually change AC hdg
  171. 1712 axis APcontrols pitch and roll
    pilot needs to control power
  172. 172white smoke blue smoketoo lean
    engine is burning oil
  173. 173Batteries used in seriesincrease voltage
    note: batteries must be of the same voltage/ampere hours
  174. 174Batteries in parallelincrease the total ampere/hours
    note: batteries must be of the same voltage/ampere hours
  175. 175Alternator providesAC which is rectified to DC
  176. 176Reverse Current Cut out Relay (RCR) is used fora one way check valve preventing current to alternator
  177. 177Alternator warning lightssingle engine: red
    twin: amber
  178. 178ammeter referred to asload meter
    always connected in series to measure current
  179. 179voltmeter is connectedin parallel to measure emf
    prior to start up, it will read battery voltage
  180. 180In an aircraft electrical system a relay can be usedto connect high current flow components
  181. 181All the electrical circuits in an aeroplane are connected to the bus bar except forthe clock and starter motor.
  182. 182If ammeter has excessive loadsswitch off
    load shed
  183. 183There are two types of fire detection systemsspot detectors
    continuous loop detectors
  184. 184what are the two spot detectorsthermal switch
    thermocouple
  185. 185how does a thermal switch worktwo dissimilar metal expand to close the circuit
  186. 186how does a thermocouple workwhen wire is heated, small electrical current is created, when it reaches certain amount = warning
  187. 187what are the 3 types of continuous loop detectorsresistive detector loop
    capacitive detector loop
    pneumatic detector loop
  188. 188resistor detector loopsuddent reduction in electrical resistance as heat reaches critical temp
    false warning if centre electrode touches capillary due to kinks... system test will detect kinks or breaks
  189. 189capacitive detector loophigher than normal energy discharge from capacitive wire
    false warning will not occur due to kinks
    ....system test will show breaks
  190. 190pneumatic detector loopcapillary is charged and sealed with helium
    gas expands from heating and warning alarmed
  191. 191smoke detectorconstant stream of light
    10% concentration of smoke is enough to reflect light to activate warning
  192. 192Smoke detectors are used to detect possible fires inIn the cabin or crew compartment
  193. 193Smoke & Gas detectors are _______________ and ________________Photo Electric cells and Carbon Monoxide
  194. 194pushing FIRE, PUSH TO RESET will do whatput out the light and stop the fire bell
  195. 195pulling the switch willisolate the engine from fuel, hydraulic oil, and ARM THE FIRE BOTTLE
    this light will only extinguish when temp decreaes below level
  196. 196When wire loop fire detection system test switch is depressed, what is being testedThe entire system including the fire detectors and the wire loop
  197. 197Engine fire bottles are dischargedinside the engine cowling area
  198. 198two types of fire extinguishersCO2
    HRD: uses halon gas
  199. 199HRD have what gasnitrogen as the pressure on top
    halon gas which is expelled
  200. 200Electrical firesuse BCF or CO2

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CASA AGK Flashcards on agk 3, created by Matt Barnes on 28/05/2017.
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Matt Barnes
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