Flashcards
Tolles Fire Chapter 37: Fire Detection, Protection and Suppression Systems
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1Difference between Ionization and Photoelectric smoke detectorsIonization: triggered by invisible products of combustion. Has radioactive material that releases charged particles which creates current between two plates. Charged products of combusion interrupt this flow and set alarm. Most common and inexpensive. Susceptible to false alarms from cooking fumes and steam.
Photoelectric: triggered by visible products of combustion. Uses light source to create a beam. Once smoke flows through light beam, light redirects and hits a photocell which sounds alarm. Less common, more expensive. More responsive to slow burning fires. Less prone to false alarms. Require more current to operate (usually connected to 110v power source) - 2The 3 main fire alarm system componentsInititiation device
Notification device
Control panel - 3Most common type of residential fire alarm systemSingle-station smoke alarm
- 43 common types of Manual Initiation DevicesManual pull-station
Single-action pull-station
Double-actoin pull-station - 5Heat detectors are designed to operate in these 2 waysFixed temperature (typically 135F)
Rate-of-rise (typically greater than 12F per minute) - 6Flame detectors work in this mannerThey detect the elecromagnetic light waves produced by a flame.
- 7This type of detector is often installed in the return of air ducts of large buildings.Air sampling detector
- 8Malicious false alarmA deliberately activated fire alarm when there is no fire.
- 9Unwanted alarmWhan an alarm is activated by a condition that is not really an emergency (cooking or steam from shower).
- 10Nuisance alarmCaused by improper functioning of an alarm system.
- 11Differences between cross-zoned and verification smoke detection systemsCross-zoned: Initial detector will set off a trouble alarm. A second detector is needed to activate before the actual fire alarm will sound.
Verification: A delay of 30-60 seconds separates activation and notification. System will recheck detector after this time. If condition has cleared, system will be returned to normal. If trouble is still detected, alarm will activate. - 12Noncoded Alarm SystemControl panel does not give any information where the fire alarm was activated. Up to firefighters to find which device was activated.
- 13Zoned Noncoded alarm systemMost common encountered by firefighters. Building is divided into multiple zones, usually by floor or wing. Control panel indicates qhich zone the activated device is located.
- 14Zoned Coded AlarmIncludes an audible indication of the activated zone over an announcement system in addition to the standards features of a zoned system.
- 15Master-Coded alarmOlder and rarely installed, this system is a multi-use audible notification device (changing of classes, janitorial request, & other notifications).
- 16Local alarm systemNotifies only the building's occupants
- 17Remote station systemSends signal directly to FD or to another monitoring location via telephone or radio.
- 18Auxiliary systemsPublic fire alarm box system. Largely replaced by more modern communication devices.
- 19Proprietary systemsAlarms are connected directly to monitoring site that is owned by the buildings owner. Often at multi-building facilities such as universities or industrial complexes. This monitoring site is staffed at all times.
- 20Central stationsThird-party off-site facility that monitors multiple alarm systems. Like ADT etc...
- 21Water-motor gongAn alarm that signals when water is flowing in the sprinkler system.
- 223 main types of sprinkler head mounting positionsUpright
Horizontal
Pendant - 234 common types of sprinkler headsFusible-link - uses metal alloy that melts to release water
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Frangible-bulb - glass bulb filled with glycerin or alcohol with a bubble that expands when heated, releasing water
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Chemical-pellet - Uses a plunger mechanism with a chemical pellet to hold the cap in place. Pellet liquefies when temp reaches a preset point.
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Deluge head - No release mechanism - 243 common water supply control valvesOutside stem and yoke (OS&Y)
Post indicator valve (PIV)
Wall post indicator valve (WPIV) - 25Outside stem and yoke valve (OS&Y)Has a stem that moves in and out as valve opens and closes. Stem out = valve open. Stem in = valve closed. Often found in mechanical room, or where water supply enters the building. May be outside in warmer climates.
- 26Post indicator valve (PIV)Has an indicator that reads open or shut, depending on position. Usually in open area outside building. Requires a wrench (usually attached to the side of the valve).
- 27Wall post indicator valve (WPIV)Similar to PIV but designed to be mounted on the outside wall of a building.
- 28Fire department connection (FDC)An exterior connection that allows the FD's engine to pump water into the sprinkler (and sometimes standpipe) system. Usually 2.5 inch couplings.
- 29Wet vs. Dry sprinkler systemWet: Most common & least expensive. Always filled with water. A disadvantage is that it cannot be used in areas where building temperatures drop below freezing. Water will also flow if a sprinkler head is accidentally opened or a leak occurs.
Dry: Similar to wet, only that the pipes are filled with pressurized air rather than water. - 30Class 1 StandpipeFor FD use only. Uses a 2.5 inch coupling. Often located inside a cabinet. FF must bring hose with them. System must be able to supply enough water to operate attack lines.
- 31Class 2 StandpipeDesigned for use by building occupants. Usually have 1.5 inch hose preconnected to the system. Intended to enable occupants to attack a fire before the FD arrives. FF should not use class 2 standpipes to fight fire (may be inadequate).
- 32Class 3 standpipeHas class 1 & 2 standpipe features in the same system.
- 33At the top of a building, many standpipe systems deliver water at _____ psi65
- 34Dry chemical extinguishing systemUses the same types of agents as dry-chemical fire extinguishers
- 35Wet-chemical extinguishing systemUsed in most new commercial kitchens. Easier to clean up than dry-chemical systems.
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- Flashcards on Fire Chapter 37: Fire Detection, Protection and Suppression Systems, created by blakeschneider on 04/06/2017.
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- Blake Schneider
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