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Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Scholarship in the natural/social sciences and in the humanities du schaffst das <3 |
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| research three concepts what research means |
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| what research means has an impact on weiter soo :)) |
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| Example: Empiricism |
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| Example: Positivism |
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| Example: Positivism Scientific research stages in positivist tradition: 8 Schritte Approach corresponds to natural sciences: 4 factors Methods of data collection: 3 |
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| Inductive | -from specific to general (inductive -specific to general) -starting from observation --> pattern --> hypothesis --> theory |
| Deductive | -from general to specific -starting with theory --> hypothesis --> observation --> confirmation (or not) |
| Starting point: The children on the tram I saw this morning used Turkish bzt switches to German to talk abotut teachers | inductive |
| Starting point: Theory that bilingual speakers use their first language in different social contexts than their second laguage | deductive |
| 20th century Native american literature in English typically shows females as x or y characters |
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| Basic research | Aim to gain general understanding filling gaps in our knowledge not always immediately useful might be there because we discovered it, but might become useful later on |
| Applied research | Aim to gain results applicable in a specific (real-life) context eg. easier for bilingual kids to learn language? eg. what do teachers use when teaching? - prop. prescriptive grammar eg. attitudes towards grammar books eg. should grammar be taught deductively or inductively |
| What is the difference betweeen descriptive and prescriptive approaches to grammar? | basic research why? to know more about language |
| How can language teaching be influences by the bilingualism of language learners? | applied research why? to learn more about language teaching; to improve teaching |
| What are the factors that improve language learning for adult German English speakers? | applied research |
| Empirical research | Based on observation/ experiment eg. study of use of mother tongue in Austrialian blabla |
| Conceptual/Analytical research | Based on thought or analysis ‘’armchair’’ research: thinking in armchair |
| Study of response of readers to reading eg eye-scanning | Empirical research |
| eg. Interpretation or analysis of text by critic with possible reader reactions in mind | Conceptual/Analytical |
| Exploratory research | Starting without a hypothesis |
| Confirmatory research | Starting with a hypothesis |
| Starting point: What are the factors that improve language learning for adult German- English speakers? | Exploratory research |
| Starting point: Knowning Latin is a factor that probably improves language learning for adult German-English speakers (Hypothesis) | Confirmatory research |
| The short stories of the Irish writer Frank O'Connor | Exploratory research |
| Quantitative research |
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| Qualitative research |
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| Study of language attitudes of Austrian teachers based questionnaire of over 100 teachers | Quantitative research |
| udy of language attitudes of Austrian teachers based on interview with a focus group | Qualitative research |
| Study of motivation Austrian language learners based on interviews with pupils in a language class | Qualitative research |
| Hermeneutic research | analysis of text (in a broad sense) to arrive at an understanding of it How meaning is constituted in "Hunger Games" Interpretation of the wizard figure in children's literature, e.g. Harry Potter |
| Example: Linguistics as a discipline with a varied and diverse methodology |
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| Terminology to do with research (context dependent) | • Method • Methodology/Methodologies • Theory |
| Method | – How data is collected: e.g. survey, interviews, observation, ... (Social research, Hitchcock & Hughes 1995: chapter 2) – How a particular piece of research is carried out, e.g. textual analysis (Literary studies, Griffin 2005: 5) – Tools (Cultural studies, Saukko 2003: 8) |
| Methodology/Methodologies | – More comprehensive than method: how research should be carried out (Hitchcock & Hughes 1995: chapter 2) – How you bring a theoretical (e.g. a feminist or Postcolonial) perspective to your reading of your text (Griffin 2005: 5-6) – More comprehensive & dependent on approach to research – connected to "philosophical and political commitment" (Saukko 2003: 8) Please note [Method/Methodology not always distinguished, e.g. the scientific method] |
| Theory | – Construction of knowledge: e.g. you form a theory based on your findings (Hitchcock & Hughes 1995: chapter 2) – Specific theory, e.g. Postcolonial theory, ... that is applied to the reading of a text in a systematic way (Griffin 2005: 5-6) |
| Methods & methodology | "Methods and methodology often go together, so that a hermeneutic methodological approach, which aims to gain a 'thick' understanding of other people's experience, often goes with a method, such as participant observation, that allows for the scholar and the people being studied to develop a mutual trust with each other. However, same methods can also support different methodological commitments. So, the interview method can be used to support a realist methodological approach, which aims to gather 'factual' information , or to support a hermeneutic methodological quest to gain a thorough understanding of a person's life story[...]" (Saukko 2003: 3) |
| The relevance of research literacy in your personal, educational and professional contexts Helps with: | • Academic work at university: finding and evaluating sources • Further education, professional development • Personal context: understanding information/research base of information out there; identifying misinformation, hoaxes |
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