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Flashcards

Thorax ( Lecture 1)

Jamie Rogers English 28 cards

Thorax ( Lecture 1)

Cards in this deck (28)

  1. 1STERNUM1. Flat elongated bone that forms the anterior and middle potion of the thoracic cage.
    COMPOSED OF:
    Manubrium
    Body
    Sternal angle    STERNUM
  2. 2STERNAL ANGLE1. Is opposite the T4 and T5 verbral column level.
    2. Marks the location of the 2nd costal cartilage/rib.    STERNAL ANGLE
  3. 3COSTAL GROOVE1. Is apart of the shaft= thin, flat and curved.
    2. It contains a INTERCOSTAL NEUROVASCULATURE course along the inferior aspect of the rib.    COSTAL GROOVE
  4. 4INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE THORAX1. External Intercostals
    2. Internal Intercostals
    3. Innermost Intercostals
    (transversus thoracic)
    - - Accessory muscles of respiration.
    - - Innervated by intercostal nerves.    INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE THORAX
  5. 5NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES WITHIN THE COSTAL GROOVE "VAN"V--> Intercostal VEIN
    A--> Intercostal ARTERY
    N--> Intercostal NERVE
  6. 6INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES1. EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
    - Muscles that run "down and in" and appear more lateral.
    2. INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
    - Muscles that run "down and out" and appear more medial.    INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
  7. 7NERVES OF THE THORACIC WALL1. T3 DEMATOME
    - Is at the level of the nipples.
    2. T10 DERMATOME
    - Is at the level of the umbilicus (Belly botton)    NERVES OF THE THORACIC WALL
  8. 8INTERNAL THORACIC (MAMMARY) ARTERY1. Is an important branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY.
    2. The "thoracic mammary artery" stems off of the subclavian artery and leads into the SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY, where it divides.    INTERNAL THORACIC (MAMMARY) ARTERY
  9. 9ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM1. Is located in the INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM and contains only the THYMUS GLAND.ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
  10. 10COSTAL CARTILAGENOT BONE!
    1. Contriubtes to the ELASTICITY of the thorcic wall.
    2. First seven connect directly with the sternum.    COSTAL CARTILAGE
  11. 11THORACIC APERTURESThe thoracic cage had SUPERIOR and INFERIOR openings.
    1. SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
    - The doorway between the thoracic cavity and the NECK.
    2. INFERIOR THORACIC APERTURE
    - Muscle diaphragm closes the aperture, separating the thoracic cavity from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY.    THORACIC APERTURES
  12. 12FUNCTION OF THE THORACIC CAGE1. ATTACHMENT
    - Skeleton to muscles
    2. PROTECTION
    - Conents of the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs.
    3. PROVIDE THE MECHANICAL FUNCTION OF BREATHING
    - Muscles in thoracic wall, abdominal wall. and diaphragm VARY THE VOLUME OF THE THORACIC CAVITY.
    (Expands and Relax)
  13. 13THREE TYPES OF RIBS1. VERTABROCOSTAL (True)
    - Connects DIRECTLY with sternum via its own costal cartilage. 1-7
    2. VERTEBROCHONDRAL (False)
    - INDIRECT connection with sternum via costal cartilage of the superior rib. 8-10
    3. VERTEBRAL (Floating)
    - DO NOT CONNECT with sternum, end in posterior abdominal wall. 11-12    THREE TYPES OF RIBS
  14. 14TYPICAL RIB ARTICULATIONSEXAMPLE
    Rib 5 articulates with transverse process of T5, Body of T5 and the Body of T4.
    The body of the vertebra SUPERIOR TO THE SELECTED RIB.
  15. 15JOINTS OF THORACIC SKELETONALL VERY STRONG (PROTECTION!)
    1. COSTOCHONDRAL
    - Fibrous joint
    2. STERNOCOSTAL
    - Synovial joint
    3. COSTOVERTEBRAL
    - Synovial joint    JOINTS OF THORACIC SKELETON
  16. 16MUSCLES OF THORACIC WALLMOVEMENT AND STABILITY, CAN ALSO ASSIST IN RESPIRATION
    1. PECTORALIS MAJOR
    2. PECTORALIS MINOR
    3. SERRATUS ANTERIOR
  17. 17PECTORALIS MAJOR1. Large, fan-shpaed in the superior thorax.
    2 HEADS OF ORIGIN
    - CLAVICULAR
    - STERNOCOSTAL
    Inserts into HUMERUS    PECTORALIS MAJOR
  18. 18PECTORALIS MINOR- Originates from the ANTERIOR SURFACE of the 3-5 ribs
    - Inserts into the CORACOID PROCESS of the scapula
    - STABILIZES the scapula against thoracic wall
    - Innervated by Medial Pectoral Nerve    PECTORALIS MINOR
  19. 19SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE- ORIGINATES on the surface of the first 8 ribs.
    - Inserts into medial border of scapula.
    - STABILIZES AD PROTRACTS the scapula.
    - Innervated by LONG THORACIC NERVE..
    (If cut or damaged can lead to "WINGED SCAPULA" condition    SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE
  20. 20INTERCOSTAL NERVE BLOCK (Treatment)- Local anesthetic infiltrated around one or several intercostal nerves
    (PROVIDED ANESTHESIA TO THORACIC WALL)
    -Can be used for fractured ribs.
  21. 21INNERMOST INTERCOSTAL MUSCLESTRANVERSUS THORACIS
    -Inserts into the surface of costal cartilages of ribs 2-6.    INNERMOST INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
  22. 22VASCULATURE OF THORACIC WALL"INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES"
    - Intercostal arteries arise from 2 major arteries:
    1. THORACIC AORTA
    2. INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERIES
    (Branches of subclavian arteries)    VASCULATURE OF THORACIC WALL
  23. 23VASCULATURE OF THORACIC WALL- The internal thoracic arteries divides into the musculophrenic (Lateral) and superior epigastric arteries (Medial).VASCULATURE OF THORACIC WALL
  24. 24VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THORACIC WALL"INTERCOSTAL VEINS"
    -Drain venous blood from the thoracic wall.
    DRAIN INTO:
    - AZYGOS SYSTEOF VEINS
    - INTERNAL THORACIC VEINS    VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THORACIC WALL
  25. 25SPINAL NERVESVENTRAL ROOT= Motor nerves, impulses AWAY FROM spinal cord.
    DORSAL ROOT= Sensory nerves, impulses TOWARD the spinal cord.
    Both roots UNITE to form a SPINAL NERVE= conveys both motor and sensory axons.    SPINAL NERVES
  26. 26SPINAL NERVESSpinal nerves divide into 2 BRANCHES (RAMI)= Convey both motor and sensory axon.
    1. Dorsal Ramus= to and from muscles in the BACK.
    2. Ventral Ramus= to and from the body wall (torso) and upper/lower limbs.
    (ultimately innervate the muscles and skin along the thoracic wall= SENSORY AND MOTOR)
  27. 27DIVISION ON THORACIC CAVITY3 COMPARTMENTS
    2 LATERAL COMPARTMENTS
    - Contain lungs and pleurae
    CENTRAL COMPARTMENT MEDIASTINUM
    - Contains many major thoracic structures    DIVISION ON THORACIC CAVITY
  28. 28DIVISION OF MEDIASTINUMIs the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.
    - Superior
    (Division between called TRANSTHORACIC PLANE)
    - Inferior
    (Anterior, Middle, Posterior)
    ANTERIOR= ONLY CONTAINS THYMUS
    MIDDLE= contains PERICARDIUM, HEART, ROOTS OF THE GREAT VESSELS
    POSTERIOR= conatins Esophagus
    Descending aorta
    Azygos veins
    Thoracic duct
    Autonomic nerves
    -Diaphragm    DIVISION OF MEDIASTINUM

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Flashcards on Thorax ( Lecture 1), created by Jamie Rogers on 06/07/2017.
Created by
Jamie Rogers · Jul 2017
Updated
Jul 7, 2017
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