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Description
Flashcards by Tilly Surrey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tilly Surrey
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Describe the bonding within Alkanes | -Alkanes have single covalent bonds -Alkanes are saturated and make any more bonds -Number of Hydrogen atoms in an alkane follows the rule of CnH2n+2 |
| Describe the bonding in Alkenes | -Alkenes have one double covalent bond they rest are single bonds -They are unsaturated making them more reactive than Alkanes -Number of Hydrogen atoms in an alkene follows the rule of CnH2n |
| Describe the bonding in an Alkyne | -Alkynes have one triple covalent bond the rest are single bonds -They are unsaturated -Number of hydrogens = CnH2n-2 |
| Describe the bonding in an Alcohol | -Alcohols have single covalent bonds with carbons, hydrogens, and hydroxide -Alcohols are saturated -The number of hydrogens in an alcohol follow the rule of CnH2n+1 -Every alcohol has one Hydroxide |
| List the 4 Carbon Compounds | -Alcohols -Alkanes -Alkenes -Alkynes |
| Are Alcohols a hydrocarbon? | No, hydrocarbons are molecules which contain only hydrogen and carbon, for example, Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes are all hydrocarbons, however, the Hydroxide atom in alcohols makes it a carbon compound not a hydrocarbon |
| State the rule for the melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons | -As the carbon-chain length increases so will the boiling and melting point of the substance -Eg, Propane has a higher melting and boiling point than Methane |
| Explain the rule for the melting and boiling point of hydrocarbons | As the carbon-chain length of a hydrocarbon increases so does the inter-molecular attraction holding the molecules together. So, to separate these hydrocarbons and change its state (boil or melt it) more energy is required to overpower this force of attraction between the molecules. Often this energy comes from heat |
| What is Fractional Distillation? | Fractional Distillation is the process of vapourising crude oil and then separating the various hydrocarbons into their individual and useful parts. |
| How does Fractional Distillation work? | 1. Crude oil is heated turning it into vapour 2. This vapour is placed into a cylinder of gradient heat (hotter at the bottom) 3. As the vapor rises and cools, smaller hydrocarbons begin to condense as the temperature is below their boiling and melting point. 4. As each hydrocarbon condenses it filters off in liquid form out of the cylinder to be processed into plastic or fuels |
| State the solubility rules for alcohols | -Alcohols are miscible and soluble as they dissolve in water Tip: Think about mixing alcohols for a drink-Vodka will dissolve in orange juice |
| State the solubility rules for Alkanes and Alkenes | Alkanes and Alkenes are not soluble and immiscible as they won't dissolve in water |
| What is Combustion? | -Combustion is the process of burning -Fuels that are organic molecules that react with oxygen to produce co2 and h2o when burnt -Combustion produces lots of heat and light |
| Write the word equation for complete combustion | Oxygen+Fuel--------->Water+Carbon Dioxide |
| Write the word equation for incomplete combustion | Oxygen+Fuel------->Water +Carbon Monoxide |
| What is the risk of incomplete combustion? | -The products from incomplete combustion can be detrimental to a persons health -Carbon monoxide is a poison which is colorless, odorless and very toxic and when inhaled carbon monoxide can affect the oxygen getting to the bodies cells -Carbon (soot) also can be an issue as it causes respiratory issues causes blockages in blood vessels |
| What is incomplete combustion and when does it occur? | -Incomplete combustion occurs when there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to combust completely -Instead of producing carbon dioxide the available oxygen produces the carbon monoxide, water and then soot (carbon) |
| List some |
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