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Flashcards

Phonetics and Phonology

abbiedaniels2 cognition psych English 88 cards

Cards in this deck (88)

  1. 1PhoneticsStudy of the actual physical nature of speech sounds, of the language of the world.
  2. 2Articulatory PhoneticsMovement of the organs of speech in the production of speech sounds.
  3. 3Acoustic PhoneticsHow sounds are transmitted through the air.
  4. 4Auditory PhoneticsHow sounds are perceived.
  5. 5PhonologyHow sounds function, pattern and form systems in a language.
    How languages put sounds to work.
  6. 6PhoneticsThe description of speech sounds
  7. 7LungsStream of air
  8. 8Egressive pulmonic airstreamOutward flow of air from the lungs
  9. 9LarynxOn top of the trachea
    Box - shaped, made of cartilage
  10. 10Vocal cordsSituated within the larynx (vocal flaps)
  11. 11Arytenoid CartilagesTwo thick flaps of muscles stretched over the larynx attached at the back by Arytenoid cartilage.
  12. 12GlottisOpening between the vocal cords
  13. 13Vocal cords apartAir form lungs passing through freely
  14. 14vocal cords touchingBrought together - touching
    Air passing through = vibrations
  15. 15Voicedtouching vocal cords
  16. 16VoicelessVocal cords apart
  17. 17Vocal tractArea above the larynx, ending in lips and nostrils
  18. 18Nasal tractOpening at the nose
  19. 19Oral tractOpening at the mouth
  20. 20ArticulatorsProcess of producing speech sounds
  21. 21Active ArticulatorsArticulators which move
  22. 22Passive articulatorsArticulators which remain stationary
  23. 23The Pharynxmuscular tube, begins just above the larynx and ends at the oral and nasal tract
  24. 24The Velum (soft palate)Muscular flap hangs at the back of the mouth.
    (see notes for more functions)
  25. 25UvulaSmall appendage visible when saying aaaahhh
  26. 26Hard PalateBony part of the mouth
  27. 27Alveolar Ridge"ridge" between front top teeth and hard palate.
  28. 28TongueTakes different shapes and moved to different places
  29. 29Lips and teethLips are mobility
  30. 30What is Bilabial?Two lips together
    [p] [b] [m]
  31. 31What is meant by LABIO-DENTALLower lip against upper front teeth
    [f] [v]
  32. 32What is meant by DENTAL?Tongue tip against top teeth
    [θ] [δ]
  33. 33What is meant by ALVEOLAR?Tongue tip against or close to alveolar ridge
    [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l]
  34. 34What is meant by RETROFLEX?Tip of the tongue curled back in the direction of the palate.
    *see notes for examples
  35. 35What is meant by Post - alveolar?Tongue blade against back of alveolar ridge.
    [ʒ] [ʃ] [tʃ] [dʒ]
  36. 36What is meant by PALATAL?Front of tongue moving towards the hard palate.
    [j]
  37. 37What is meant by VELAR ?Back of tongue against soft palate.
    [k] [g] [ŋ]
  38. 38What is meant by GLOTTAL?'Head' is glottal
    [h]
  39. 39What is meant LABIO-VELAR?Rounding the lips and raising the back of the tongue towards the velum.
    [w] - witch
  40. 40What are the 3 obstruents?Plosives
    Fricatives
    Affricates
  41. 41What is meant by Plosives?Complete closure of articulators (air connote escape)
    Closure in oral cavity, velum raised to block nasal cavity.
    Oral closure released= burst of sound because of built up air pressure.
    [p,b,t,d,k,g]
    *glottal stop
  42. 42What is meant by FRICATIVES?Articulators coming close together -airstream is partially obstructed and turbulence or friction is produced.
    [f,v,s,z,h,ʃ,θ,ð,ʒ]
  43. 43What is meant by AFFRICATES?Sounds consisting of a plosive followed immediately by a fricative, at same point of articulation.
    [tʃ,dʒ]
  44. 44Name the resonantsNasals
    Approximants
  45. 45What is meant by NASALS?Closure in the oral cavity.
    Velum is lowered - allows air to pass through nose.
  46. 46What are nasal stops?Closure in the oral tract
  47. 47What is meant by Approximants?One articulator in close contact with another without vocal tract being narrowed too much.
    [l,j,w,ɹ]
  48. 48Explain LATERAL, CENTRAL, SEMI-VOWELS/GLIDES.Laterals= air passes the side of the tongue. [l]
    Central= air passes through centre of the tongue. [ɻ]
    Semi-vowels =share features of vowels but are still consonants.[j], [w].
  49. 49IPA (international Phonetic alphabet)A standard set of symbols used of the transcription of sounds. System is based on a one to one correspondence between speech sound and symbol.
  50. 50Name the two types of transcription.1. Phonemic transcription (shows the sounds that are perceived or recognised)
    2.Phonectic transcription (captures all the features of articulation)
  51. 51Short high front vowel[I]
    (king,rig,kip,giddy)
  52. 52Short mid front vowel[e]
    (hen,men,head,better,many)
  53. 53Short low front vowel[æ]
    (back,man,had,batter)
  54. 54Short mid central vowel[ə]
    (bitter,father,bit,sit,limp)
    SCHWA
  55. 55Short low central vowel[ɐ]
    (but,ton,done)
  56. 56Short high back vowel[ʊ]
    (pull,should,put,foot,stood)
  57. 57Short low back vowel[ɒ]
    (plop,rot,tot)
  58. 58Low high front vowels[i:]
    (sheep,seep,beak,complete)
  59. 59Long mid front vowels[ø̞:]
    (girl, earth,work,curse,journey)
  60. 60Long mid front vowels[ɛ:]
    (square,bare,pear)
  61. 61Long high central vowel[ʉ:]
    (pool,school,food,huge,too)
  62. 62Long mid back vowels[o:]
    (call,shawl,hoard,bore,lord)
  63. 63Long low back vowel[d:]
    (bath,laugh,can't, chance)
  64. 64Name the three glides to [I]eɪ - bay
    aɪ - buy
    oɪ - boy
  65. 65Name the two glides to [ʊ]œʊ - go
    ɑʊ - cow
  66. 66Name the two glides to [ə]ɪə - peer
    ʊə - poor
  67. 67Peak of a syllableNo obstruction and sound is relatively loud.
  68. 68Minimum syllableSingle vowel in isolation
  69. 69Onsetoccurs before the peak e.g. die <- the d CO
  70. 70CodaEg i'd [aid] <- the d
  71. 71Some syllables have both a coda and onsetEg tired [taid] <- t and d
  72. 72TautosyllabicTwo sounds belong in the same syllable.
  73. 73ProminenceStressed syllables are recognised as stressed because that are more prominent than unstressed syllables.
  74. 74Three factors important for making a syllable prominent are?Stressed syllables are often louder
    stressed syllables are often longer
    If one syllable is said at a different pitch than others - will be noticed and therefore stressed.
  75. 75Primary stressSecond syllable has the strongest type of stress.
    Eg. around
  76. 76Secondary stressWeaker than primary stress but stronger than the first (unstressed) syllable.
  77. 77Unstressed syllableAbsence of any recognisable amount of prominence.
  78. 78PolysyllabicWords with more than one syllable.
  79. 79The major processes that occur for the changes in connected speech?Vowel reduction
    Elision
    Assimilation
    Insertion
  80. 80ElisionComplete disappearance of sounds.
  81. 81InsertionLinkng r and intrusive r
  82. 82AssimilationThe most common type of assimilation is in terms of the place of articulation.
    Eg in PE
  83. 83AllophoneSame sound but different environments.
    Eg kill and killing. - both allophones of same sound but different environments.
  84. 84PhoneThe actual articulated speech sound.
  85. 85PhonemeThe perceived sound.
  86. 86DiacriticModifies the basic value of another symbol in some way.
  87. 87Complementary distributionNever see them in the same place.
    Eg kill and killing - not changing the meaning, the different environments change the sounds.
  88. 88Contrastive distributionWill see them in the same place. Changes the meaning on the same environment = minimal pair. Eg - bat, cat, mat

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cognition psych Flashcards on Phonetics and Phonology , created by abbiedaniels2 on 02/06/2014.
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