Matter Chart detailed updated

MATTER

MIXTURES

PURE SUBSTANCES

Has mass and occupies space

Heterogeneous

Homogenous

Solution

Emulsion

Colloid

Suspension

Mechanical Mixture

Elements

Compounds

Ionic Compounds

Molecular Compounds

2+ elements in a fixed ratio. Cannot be separated except with a chemical reaction.

Same number of elements and atoms on both sides of the equation

Reactants --> Products

Cannot be broken down into anything else

metal and non metal

non metals only

Metal goes first.

change non metal ending to -ide.

Aluminum Oxide is Al2O3

If multiple charges available, your must indicate that when writing the words

Iron (III) Oxide is Fe2O3

Iron (II) Oxide is FeO

Negative goes second.

change negative ion ending to -ide.

Positive charge goes first.

Change beginning of both to indicate number of atoms in compound. [exception: if positive ion is only 1 then you leave it alone.

Nitrogen Pentaflouride is NF5

Diphosphorus Trisuphide is P2S3

solid at room temp.

Distinct crystal shape

Conducts when dissolved in water

solute dissolved in a solvent. Waetr is the universal solvent.

When something is dissolved in water you add (aq) to the end of the formula

solid dissolved into liquid, but not be easily separated:milk

Solid dissolved into liquid that easily separates after a short time: muddy water, ketchup

Obviously a mixture: salad, chocolate chip cookie

A mixture of 2 liquids dispersed in one another that is hard to separate: hair gel, mayonaisse

solid, liquid, OR gas at room temp.

NO Distinct crystal shape

BAD conductors

118 elements organized onto a periodic table

7 periods (rows) and 18 groups/families (columns)

Every element in the same group/family reacts the same way.

Groups to remember: 1-alkali metals, 2-alkaline earth metals, 17-halogens, 18-noble gases

Each Atom has: atomic number, ion charge, symbol, atomic mass, atomic name

Atom: number of protons and electrons is the atomic number. The charge is neutral

Ion: number of protons and electrons is different because it has a charge.

- charge = atomic number plus the charge is the number of electrons.

+ charge = atomic number minus the charge is the number of electrons

Polyatomic ion: when some molecular compounds are made, they still have a charge ...they must combine with a metal to create an ionic compound and become neutral.

EX: OH- NO3-

Stone age=stone, fire, bones

Bronze age=useful metals only: copper, bronze, gold, silver

Iron Age/Hittites=use iron

Democritus=greek, atomos

Aristotle=4 elements

Andrea Libau =A.L. = Alchemist

Robert Boyle = BOIL..water into GAS

Antoine Lavoisier= ‘Daddy O’ named Oxygen. Father of Chemistry

John Dalton =ATOn=ATOm. Pure substance

JJ Thompson =Ray-sin bun man

Hantaro Nagaoka = Initial N = Nucleus. O in name for Orbits

Ernest Rutherford = the CANADIAN…proved nucleus existed

James Chadwick =Jimmy – Neutron…discovered neutrons

Atomic Theory

EVERYTHING HAS PROPERTIES

Physical Properties

Chemical

Properties

P - Precipitate or new substance formed

C - colour change

O - odor change

T - temp. change

Colour, odor, lustre/shininess, boiling/condensation point, melting/freezing point, Hardness [Moh's hardness scale], malleabillty[pound into sheets], ductility [stretch into wires], solubility [dissolvability], density, conductivity, crystal shape

STATES OF MATTER

Atom Diagram

Electron shell diagrams

2, 8, 8,