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PRESENT PERFECT

SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS

= Use it to describe actions that happened in the past but are still important in the present

= Also use it to describe actions that started in the past but continue into the present

= Use the present perfect continuous to emphasise that

the action is repeated or has continued for a long time

Don't use it with state verbs:

be, have, own, belong. See, hear, smell. Believe, know, think. Like, love.

+ noun + have/has + been + verb + -ing + complement (optional) + since / for + time duration (optional)​

- To form the negative, simply add "not" after "have" / "has"

? Have/has + noun + been + verb - 'ing' + ?

STRUCTURE

+ noun + have/has + verb in past participle (-ed) + complement (optional)

- To form the negative, simply add "not" after "have" / "has"

? Have/has + noun + verb in past participle + ?

STRUCTURE

+ I have studied for my exam

- I have not studied for my exam

? Have I studied for my exam?

+ I have been studying for my exam for almost four hours

- I have not been studying for my exam

? Have I been studying for my exam for almost four hours?