Music quiz 1

melody= tune

melody: measurable pitch, succession of notes and pitches

range: distance from lowest note to highest note

disjunct: not together and melody sounds choppy

conjunct: together, close in distance

cadence: when the music comes to a closing point

melodies are made of different phrases (like a paragraph)

Conture: shape of melody

countermelody: melody shape

meter: the 4 line way we notate how a piece is. organizes the beats in music

Beats: a regular pulse that divides time into equal segments. 3/4 or 4/4 (top # is beats)

How many beats: 2= doublemeter 3= triplemeter

measure line: divides up the meter

whole step: has a note in between

major scale: whole whole half. whole whole whole half

minor scale: whole half, whole whole half, whole whole

diatonic system: includes major and minor scales. a scale consisting of 8 natural pitches

sharpening a pitch: raising a pitch half a step

flatening a pitch- lowering a pitch half a step

scale: 8 whole steps or half steps until the next repeated tone

all music is created using Tones (specific pitches). Tones are ordered in octaves (8 pitches). Each octave is made of 8 whole steps

pentatonic scales- uses only 5 tones (used in Asian culture)

whole tone scale: made of all whole tones

chromatic scale- all half steps

salabic- melody where all syllables have a note

neumatic- mainly salabic but sometimes multiple notes on a syllable

melismatic- syllables but decorated- like a cover

disjunct- made of pitches with wide leaps or skips

harmony- using multiple melodies

triad- using 3 notes

tersion harmony- harmony made with triads

Dissonance- sounds that seem unstable or create tension. usually resolves to a stable consonance

Consonance- harmonies usually described as smooth or easy

Dynamics- how loud or soft a piece is. loudness is indicated by an F and soft is represented by a P

Tempo- how fast or slow a piece is

Decrescendo- the gradual decline of volume from loud to soft

Allegro- fast. Presto- super fast

Grave- slow. Largo- slow

Morndorato- medium

Crescendo- the gradual increase of volume from soft to loud

Accelerando- get faster

Ritardando- to get slower

Simple meter- each of the beats is divisible by 2

Compound meter- each beat is divisible by 3

syncopation- placement of rthymic accents where they wouldnt normally occur

SATB- soprano, alto toner, bass, mesosoprano

Texture: the way composers put their pieces together

monophony- the simplest of textures, consisting of ones voice or melody without an accompanying harmony

polyphony- a musical texture which consists of many voices which move with rhythmic independence

homophony- a melody and simple accompanant

Umbrella terms

aeriphones- wind instruments

cordophones- string instrument

idiophones- any instrument that creates the sound itself

membranophones- membrane on top (snare drum)

concert master- first chair violin facilitates conductors vision

violin terms

pizzicato- plucked

harmonics- barely touching the strings

vibrato- using hand to vibrate string

The bow is made of horse hair and rosin

strophic- repetitive sheet music

through-composed: recurring motives, always a bit of change

strings: cordophone- creates sound by making the strings vibrate. Higher tamber has thinner strings

Violin- plays highest notes using harmonic

Viola- pitches lower than violin

cello- played sitting down

Double bass- lowest registers and played standing up

The harp- shorter the string higher the sound. red strings are C's. Black strings are F's. change keys by using pedal.

double stop- allows violin players to play things 2 at a time

woodwinds- aerophones. use air to make sounds

piccolo- flute that can produce the highest notes (looks like clairnet and flute)

flute- high notes. close off holes to make it higher

reed instruments

Oboe: double reed instrument. (complicated looking clarinet)

English horn- oboe with onion bell

Clarinet: uses one reed

embouchure- mouth position on reed

Saxophone- single reed. YOUNGEST

Bassoon- used for humorous effect in music (lowest woodwind)

Brass instruments: consists of metal tubing

Piccolo trumpet: can play highest notes in brass family

Trumpet

Trombone: LEAST CHANGED

French horn: played with left hand. use right hand in bell to make sounds

Tuba: can achieve lowest brass sounds. YOUNGEST BRASS

Percussion: Membranophones

Timpani- plays pitches. tighten with foot pedal

xylophone- notes made of wood

Vibraphone- has fan under each otes.

tam tam- sound crescendos

scare drums- rattles. has series of chains

tenor drum- held instrument in battle