A-SERIES : Urianalysis Reagent Strips

A-SERIES : Urianalysis Reagent Strips

1. DIRUI

   • Instructs the methods, reaction principles and points for attention for this use
   • These are made for urianalysis of both quialitative an semi-cualitative, wich are in vitro reagent for diagnostic
   • This strips are for professional use only

2. Collecting and preparing Specimen

   • Collect fresh urine in a clean and dry container
   • Don't centrfugate the urine
   • Mix the sample well before taking the test
   • All specimens must always be taken abd ket under sanitary conditions

3. Visual Reading Technique

   • 1. Immerse the reagent area of the strip in the urine specimen and take it up quicklyand inmediately
   • 2. Run the edge of the strip against the rim of the container to remove the excess the urine
   • 3. Holld the strip up horizoontally and compare the result on the strip with the colour chart on the bottle label closely. Make note of the result

4. Reaction Principles

   • Glucose
     • Thw glucose oxidized by glucose oxidase catalyzes the formation of glucuronic acid and peroxide hydrogen
     • Peroxide hydrogen releases neo-ecotypes oxide under the function of peroxidase. Oxidizes iodide potassiom, wich makes the colour changes
     • There is no false positive result occurred in a reagent strip
       • Ascorbic acid concentration>= 2.8 mol/l
   • Bilirubin
     • The direct bulirubin and dicholorobenzene diazonium produce azo dyes in a strongly acid medium
       • Normally even the most sensitive method can't detect bilirubin in urine. It is abnormal to have little bilirubin in urine
   • Ketone
     • The acetoacelate and sodium nitroprusside cause reaction in alkaline medium, wich produces violet colour
       • This strips react with acetoacetic acid in urine. Normal urine specimens ussually conduct negaive results in the teste
   • Blood
     • Hemoglobin acts as peroxidase. It can cause peroxidase release neo- ecotypes oxide. Oxidazes the indicator and make the colour change subsequently
       • Trace reaction may vary among the patients. The presence of green spots or green colour (hemoglobin/myoglobin) on the reagent area within 60 seconds indicates for further diagnostic check
   • Specific Gravity
     • Electrolyte (M+X-) in the from of the salt in urine reacts with poly methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid (CooH-), wich are weak acid ionic exchanger. The reaction produces hydrogenous ionogen, wich reacts with pH indicator that causes the colour change
   • pH
     • The method of pH indicator is applied
       • The strip test for pH values are generally in the range of 5.0 - .5 visually and 5.0 - 9.0 instrumentally
   • Protein
     • This is based on the protein-error-of-indicator principle. Anion in the specific pH indicator attacted by cation on protein molecule makes the indicator further ionized, wich changes its colour.
       • The reagent area is more sensitive to albumin than to globulins, haemoglobin, Bence - Jones protein and mucoprotein. Normally no protein is detectable in urine with conventional methods, although a minute in urine of protein is excreted through a normal kidney.
   • Urobilinogen
     • This is based on the Erlich reaction in wich p-diethy-lamino benzaldehyde in conjuction with a colour enhancer reacts with urobilinogen in a Strongly acid medium to produce a pink-red-colour
       • The reagent strips can detect urobilinogen in low amount as 3 micras mol/l (approximately 0.2 Erlich unit/dl) in urine
   • Nitrites
     • Nitrite in the urine and aromatic amino sulphanilamide are diazotized to from a diazonium compound The diazonium compound reacting with letrahydro benzo quinolin 3-phenl causes the colour change
   • Leukocytes
     • Granulocytes leukocytes in urine contains esterases that cataluze the hydrolysis of the pyrrole amino acid ester to liberate 3-hydroxy 5-pheny pyrrole. This pyrrole reacting with diazonium