LISTENING AND VIEWING TASKS

LISTENING AND VIEWING TASKS

1. TOP& DOWN PROCESSING

   • refers to the active use of background knowledge in actively reconstructing the original meaning of a message, learners can often infer the meanings of unfamiliar words

2. BOTTOM & UP PROCESSING

   • refers to the use of incoming data, the understanding begins from the moment the message is received, phonological,morphological,syntactical

3. current language teaching methodology emphasizes an active approach, they do something with the information

   • a task based approach allows learns to rehearse what goes on in real life listening experiences
     • we have a different purpose, strategies in order to listen effectively in a foreign language
       • encourage learners to listen for key information not every word
         • learners listen more than once the audio
           • make guesses when they have not understood
             • think ahead and predict what they will hear next
               • work in pair or group to overcome individual difficulties
                 • always check and reconfirm answers
                   • encourage a positive and relaxed attitude toward listening

4. reciprocal situations listener and speaker collaborate, it alternates, is an active rol

   • non reciprocal
     • the listener does not participate
       • the speaker is the sole person who determines the nature of what is said
   • listening situations can also be aural modality or with visual features
     • aural is talking on the phone while aural +visual is looking at the TV
       • video clips give a cultural context, real language, real situations
         • learners observe the gestures, facial expressions, other aspects of body language that accompany speech, show them something they can relate to
         • make sure they know what the task is, let them hear once and at the second time you do the activity while the audio is on
           • provide them with a variety of viewing tasks that require them to focus on different aspects of the video such as cultural differences, body language, vocabulary, language models
             • learners first need to understand what they listen to and oncethey have demonstrate comprehension, they are able to move on to the specific grammar structures
               • blanks give learners lyrics with some blanks, they listen once en the second time they fill in the gaps as much as possible they listen a 3rd time to check the answers
             • songs can be use as aids to teach vocabulary, pronunciation, structures and sentence patterns, and they can also be used to teach aspects of culture
               • scrambled verses learners listen to a song and put the verses in the order in which they hear them

5. provide lexical items that convey with the topic specify

   • they need to know why they are listening to or viewing something, or they may pay attention to something completely different

6. the cycle task involves pre listening everything the learner does before listening to the audio

   • listening or viewing phase when the learner is directly involved with the audio
     • post listening- post viewing phase everything the learner does with information and language from the audio after listening to it