THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. THIS IS A PERIOD OF TIME THAT STARTED IN THE 18th CENTURY

   • THE MAIN COUNTRY THAT STOOD OUT WAS ENGLAND
     • THERE WAS TWO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS
       • THERE WERE GREAT TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN MANY AREAS

2. THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

   • TEXTILE INDUSTRY
     • THE STEAM MACHINE
       • NEWCOMEN DEVELOPED A STEAM-POWERED MACHINE THAT PUMPEDWATER OUT OF MINES
       • JAMES WATT IMPROVED THIS INVENTION IN 1763 WHEN HE DESIGNED A REVOLUTIONARY STEAM ENGINE THAT USED MECHANICAL ENERGY PRODUCE BY STEAM NSTEAD OF ANIMAL OR HUMAN POWER
     • REVOLUTION IN TRANSPORT AND MACHINERY
       • IN 1829,ENGLISH ENGINEER STEPHENSON USED THE STEAM ENGINE TO POWER A LOCOMOTIVE FOR THE FIRST TIME.
         • RAIL TRANSPORT;IN 1830.THE FIRST MODERN RAILWAY WAS OPENED
         • MARITIME TRANSPORT;CLIPPERS WERE SO GOOD THAT STEAM-POWERED BOATS WERE NOT INITIALLY SUCCESSFUL
         • AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY;THE STEAM TRACTOR GREATLY INCREASED FARMING PRODUCTION
   • IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
   • THE MAIN COUNTRY WAS ENGLAND

3. ITS A PERIOD OF TIME THAT STARTED IN THE 18thCENTURY

   • THE MAIN COUNTRY THAT STOOD OUT WAS ENGLAND
     • THERE WERE GREAT TECHNOLOGICAL
   • PRODUCED A RURAL EXODUS

4. SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

   • (1870-1914)
   • OIL:NEW RECURSE
   • ELECTRICITY:NEW FORM OF ENERGY
   • GROWTH OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
   • CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
   • CAPITALISM
   • MADE A CORPORATION

5. THE CLASS SOCIETY

   • THE UPPER CLASS
     • THE OLD REGIME NOBILITY WHO HAD LOST THEIR PRIVILEGES
       • BANKERS
       • INDUSTRIALISTS
       • MERCHANTS
   • THE MIDDLE CLASS
     • THIS CLASS GREW AS THE ECONOMY DEVELOPED
       • LAWYERS
       • ECONOMISTS
       • ENGINEERS
       • DOCTORS
     • THE LOWER MIDDLE CLASS
       • MERCHANTS AND ARTISANS
   • PEASANTS:THE LAGEST PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION
     • THE URBAN WORKING CLASS WAS DIVERSE GROUP
     • THE MOST OF HTE URBAN WORKING CLASS WERE ARTISANS
     • THE NUMBER OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INCREASED
     • THE FARMERS WENT TO CITIES BECAUSE THEY NEEDED JOBS
     • THE WORKING CLASS INCLUDED TERTIARY SECTOR EMPLOYEES
   • CREATED A TRADE UNIONS(SYNDICATES)

6. THE CHILD LABOUR

   • CHILDREN LIKE LABOR WAS VERY CHEAP
     • THEY WORKED INTO MACHINES BECAUSE THEY WAS TINY AND THEY CAN FIX UP
       • BUT HIS JOBS WAS BAD,THEY HADNT ECONOMIC SOURCES AND HIS FAMILIES WERE TOO POOR
     • THEY BELONGED TO WORKING CLASS
     • THE PEOPLE HAD CHILDRENS BECAUSE IT WAS A WAY TO MAKE MONEY
       • BUT A LOT OF CHILDS WERE ORPHANS AND HOMELESS
         • AND THEY DIED VERY YOUNG
   • THIS PART OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS AN IMPORTANT PART

7. THE IDEOLOGY

   • SOCIALISM
     • AS OF 1820,UTOPIAN SOCIALISTS PROPOSED IDEALISTIC SOLUTIONS TO SOCIAL INEQUALITIES
       • IN 1825,ROBERT OWEN FOUNDED THE NEW HARMNONY COMMUNITY IN INDIANA(USA)
     • THE FIRST SUPPORTERS OF THE LABOUR MOVEMENT WERE WEALTHY MIDDLE CLASSINTELLECTUALS
   • MARXIISM
     • MARXIST IDEOLOGY WAS INFLUENTIAL TO THE WORKING CLASS UNTIL THE 20th.MARXISM INSPIRED IMPORTANT REVOLUTIONS OF THE CONTEMPORANY PERIOD.THE PRINCIPIESOF MAXISM WERE:
       • HISTORICAL MATERIALISM:THIS IS A ECONOMIC THEORY IS BASED ON OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTIONS
       • THE CLASS SRUGGLE:THE SOCIETY IS DIVIDED INTO ECONOMICALLY UNEQUAL CLASSES:THE OPRESSORS AND THE OPRESSED
       • SOCIAL CHANGE:THE REVOLUTIONARY SRUGGLE OF WORKERS WILL CAUSE THE OPRESSIVE CLASS,THE WEALTHY MIDDLE CLASS.A DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT WILL BE IMPLEMENTED
   • ANARCHISM
     • RUSSIAN ARISTOCRAT MIKHAIL BAKUNIN(1814-1876),WHO ARGUED FOR A SOCIETY WITHOUT ANY POLITICAL,ECONOMIC OR RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY,ORGANISED INTO COMMUNES MANAGED BY THE WORKERSTHEMSELVES.
     • ANARCHISTS WERE OPPOSED TO PARLAMIENTARY POLITICAL ACTION AND WANTED PEASANTS TO PLAY A LEADING ROLE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CAPITALISM

8. THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION;THERE WAS A RURAL EXODUS BECAUSE WE USED A NEW TOOLS AND METHODS

   • FOLLOW LAND
   • CONTINOUS CROP ROTATION
   • NEW CROPS
   • MANURE
   • IRON TOOLS

9. REALISM(1860-1890)

   • OBJETIVISM
   • COSTUMBRISMO
   • DAILY LIFE
   • WITHOUT FANTASY
   • ORDINARY PEOPLE
   • EXAGGERATED NARRATIONS

10. ROMANTICISM(1800-1860)

    • SUBJETIVISM
    • NATIONALISM
    • ESCAPISMOF REALITY
    • IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE
    • SUPERNATURAL AND FANTASY
    • OPPOSITION OF RULES

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