Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy

1. What it is?

   • Spectroscopy helps astronomers to determine the composition, temperature, density, and motion of an object.
   • Infrared spectroscopy helps to identify the atoms and molecules in the object.

2. Why spectroscopy is important for astronomers?

   • Infrared spectroscopy helps to identify the atoms and molecules in the object.
   • The red shift or blue shift (Doppler Effect) in a spectral line tells how fast the object is receding from Earth or coming toward it.
   • Atoms in a hotter environment are excited to higher energy states. Their emissions start from higher energy levels
   • The continuous spectrum (blackbody radiation) of a star gives its temperature and colour. This enables astronomers to estimate its mass and life expectancy.

3. How it works?

   • It takes advantage that molecules and atoms absorb and emit light
   • Structure of the atoms:a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons .- An electron in its default orbit is in its ground state
     • To move from the ground state to an orbit farther away from the nucleus, an electron must absorb energy. When this happens, chemists say the electron is in an excited state.
     • When they move back to the ground state it means the releases the energy absorb before. This energy takes the form of a photon -- the tiniest particle of light -- at a certain wavelength and, because wavelength and color are related, at a certain color.

4. machine

   • A spectroscope is a device that measures the spectrum of light.
   • parts

5. Types

   • Continuous spectra (also called a thermal or blackbody spectra) are emitted by any object that radiates heat (has a temperature).
   • Absorption:he atoms and molecules in a gas will absorb only certain wavelengths of light. The pattern of these lines is unique to each element and tells us what elements make up the atmosphere of the Sun
   • An emission spectra occurs when the atoms and molecules in a hot gas emit extra light at certain wavelengths, causing bright lines to appear in a spectra

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